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Direct linkMurayama, Kou; Pekrun, Reinhard; Lichtenfeld, Stephanie; vom Hofe, Rudolf – Child Development, 2013
This research examined how motivation (perceived control, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation), cognitive learning strategies (deep and surface strategies), and intelligence jointly predict long-term growth in students' mathematics achievement over 5 years. Using longitudinal data from six annual waves (Grades 5 through 10;…
Descriptors: Mathematics Achievement, Achievement Gains, Cognitive Processes, Learning Strategies
Peer reviewedSeidner, Laura Beizer; And Others – Child Development, 1988
Developmental changes in conditions engendering pride and embarrassment were explored. Among other results, developmental change was found in the standards used to evaluate emotional experiences; references to social comparison increased with age and references to mastery decreased. (PCB)
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Audiences, Children
Peer reviewedHalpin, Bruce M.; Ottinger, Donald R. – Child Development, 1983
Attempts to reevaluate the reliability characteristics of two scales used frequently in studies of children's locus of control; the Bialer scale and the Nowicki-Strickland scale. The study replicated and expanded upon earlier research by examining a wider range of grade levels and measures of children's locus of control expectancies. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Locus of Control
Peer reviewedGordon, Donald A.; And Others – Child Development, 1977
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Attribution Theory, Elementary School Students
Peer reviewedLifshitz, Michaela – Child Development, 1973
The Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire (IAR) was given to 183 children, ages 9 to 14, from three kibutz movements in Israel, in order to explore the meaning of locus of control among children raised within a specified framework. (ST)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Elementary School Students, Failure
Peer reviewedRuble, Diane N.; Nakamura, Charles Y. – Child Development, 1973
This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Elementary School Students, Expectation
Peer reviewedDanner, Fred W.; Lonky, Edward – Child Development, 1981
Tested whether intrinsic motivation depends on matching cognitive level and task demands and assessed effects of rewards and praise on intrinsic motivation. Children preferred tasks just beyond their ability levels. Praise had mixed effects: rewards decreased intrinsic motivation among highly motivated children but did not influence intrinsic…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Ability, Difficulty Level, Educational Strategies
Peer reviewedSkinner, Ellen A. – Child Development, 1990
Assessed children's beliefs about the effectiveness of five causes of school success. At the age of 7-8 years, children differentiated the factors into "unknown" and "other"; at 9-10, "other" was differentiated into "internal" and "external"; at 11-12, "internal" was differentiated into…
Descriptors: Ability, Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Attribution Theory
