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Zheng, Annie; Church, Jessica A. – Child Development, 2021
Children perform worse than adults on tests of cognitive flexibility, which is a component of executive function. To assess what aspects of a cognitive flexibility task (cued switching) children have difficulty with, investigators tested where eye gaze diverged over age. Eye-tracking was used as a proxy for attention during the preparatory period…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Executive Function, Cognitive Tests, Cognitive Development
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Hofstadter, Maura; Reznick, J. Steven – Child Development, 1996
Assessed delayed-response performance in 120 infants 7, 9, and 11 months old. Correct response was identified as either retrieval of a hidden object or a gaze toward its location. Performance improved with age, was above chance for each age group in each condition, and was more often correct for gaze response, suggesting a significant effect of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Infant Behavior, Infants, Performance Factors
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Merola, James L.; Liederman, Jacqueline – Child Development, 1985
Two naming tasks were simultaneously presented to either one visual field/hemisphere combination or were divided between visual fields/hemispheres. Hypotheses that bilateral presentation would improve performance by insulating conflicting tasks from mutual interference and that there would be a developmental shift in the bilateral advantage was…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Ability
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Robinson, J. A.; And Others – Child Development, 1990
Results of three experiments support the conclusion that tasks involving the localization of objects or events from mirror images are not direct indices of self-recognition among children between 14 and 22 months of age. Rather, they indicate the skill of infants in using the mirror as a perceptual tool. (RH)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Ability, Difficulty Level, Infants
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Froming, William J.; And Others – Child Development, 1983
Reports two studies examining the age/generosity relationship in children five to ten years old. With data gathered both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, studies demonstrated the existence of a nonlinear as well as a linear trend. (Author/MP)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Altruism, Children, Longitudinal Studies
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Waber, Deborah P.; And Others – Child Development, 1982
A chronometric mental rotation paradigm was applied to examine manipulation of visual imagery in early adolescents in relation to age, sex, mental rotation ability, and socioeconomic background. Subjects were fifth- and seventh-grade boys and girls from a middle and lower socioeconomic background. (Author/MP)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Imagery, Performance Factors
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Rosser, Rosemary A. – Child Development, 1983
A total of 120 children between four to eight years of age were administered four sets of visual perspective-taking tasks. Results supported the hypothesis that children's task competence would be a fraction of the number and type of spatial relationships embedded in the stimulus displays. (Author/MP)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Processes, Performance Factors
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Schult, Carolyn A. – Child Development, 2002
To assess children's understanding of intentions as distinct from desires, this study presented 3- to 7-year-olds and adults with situations in which intentions were satisfied but desires were not, or vice versa, in a story-comprehension task and target-hitting game. Findings indicated that younger children were unable to differentiate desires and…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development
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Butler, Ruth – Child Development, 1990
A total of 80 Israeli 5, 7, and 10 year olds working in either a match-the-standard or a competitive condition copied a drawing and then evaluated their copies. Competing 5 year olds overestimated the quality of their copies. With age, self-assessments became less positive and better correlated with adult judgments. (RH)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Competition, Expectation
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Craton, Lincoln G.; And Others – Child Development, 1990
In a study of four-, six-, and eight-year olds, communication about the left-right dimension proved to be particularly difficult for four-year olds. Frames of reference that children incorporated into their directions changed with age and differed for directions about front-back and left-right dimensions. (RH)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Communication (Thought Transfer), Performance Factors, Spatial Ability
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Templeton, Leslie M.; Wilcox, Sharon A. – Child Development, 2000
Investigated children's representational ability as a cognitive factor underlying the suggestibility of their eyewitness memory. Found that the eyewitness memory of children lacking multirepresentational abilities or sufficient general memory abilities (most 3- and 4-year-olds) was less accurate than eyewitness memory of those with…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development
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Lew, Adina R.; Bremner, J. Gavin; Lefkovitch, Leonard P. – Child Development, 2000
Examined development of infants' relational coding in spatial orientation problems. Found that 6-month-olds performed poorly in a peekaboo task in which they had to turn to a target after displacement to a novel position and direction. Twelve- month-olds solved the tasks whether or not target was located between two landmarks; 8.5-month-olds…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Comparative Analysis, Infants, Performance Factors
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Markovits, Henry; Fleury, Marie-Leda; Venet, Michele; Quinn, Stephane – Child Development, 1998
Two studies examined age differences in conditional reasoning. Results indicated that 8-year-olds performed better when antecedents were weakly associated with consequents than on strongly associated antecedent/consequents, with no difference among 11-year-olds. Eight-year-olds did better on ad hoc premises than on causal premises, with no…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Cognitive Development, Memory
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Hood, Bruce; Carey, Susan; Prasada, Sandeep – Child Development, 2000
Examined in 4 experiments 2-year-olds' knowledge of solidity in search tasks. Found no evidence that 2-year-olds represented solidity and support constraints on trajectories of falling objects; two experiments included 2.5-year-olds who succeeded on search tasks. Explored implications of 2-year-olds' poor performance in light of very young…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Knowledge Level, Perceptual Motor Learning
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Kalish, Charles; Weissman, Michelle; Bernstein, Debra – Child Development, 2000
Three experiments assessed children's abilities to track behavioral, representational, and truth aspects of conventions. Three- and 4-year-olds recognized that conventional stipulations would change behavior, but not how stipulations might affect representations. Three- and 5-year-olds confused pretenses and conventions; 7-year-olds consistently…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Beliefs, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes
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