In the last 50 years, researchers have debated over the lexical or grammatical nature of children's early multiword utterances. Due to methodological limitations, the issue remains controversial. This corpus study explores the effect of grammatical, lexical, and pragmatic categories on mean length of utterances (MLU). A total of 312 speech samples…

In the present study, quantitative and qualitative data are presented to examine individual and contextual predictors of bullying and victimization and how they vary by age and gender. Two waves of survey data were collected from 2,678 elementary, middle, and high school youth attending 59 schools. In addition, 14 focus groups were conducted with…

Examined the distinction between preschool children's incorrect and opposite interpretations of "less" and investigated the influence of contextual/procedural factors on their comprehension of "less." (Author/JMB)

The intent of this paper is to demonstrate that the standard age effect in analysis of variance provides an ineffective means of assessing developmental change when several age levels are involved and a roughly monotonic trend can be expected. (Author)

The effects of selective dropout and retesting on the assessment of developmental changes in abilities during adolescence are examined. (ST)

Presents four studies designed to explore the ability of 6- to 9-month-old infants to differentiate objects on the basis of configuration or structure and to recognize a particular configuration after varying experiences with it. It was found that 9-month-olds but not 6-month-olds were capable of recognizing the invariant form of objects.…

Examined the extent to which children draw upon reality and fantasy, either explicitly or implicitly, in their spontaneous classifications, and when instructed to sort on that basis. (Author/JMB)

Quantity and quality of creative thinking on the Wallach and Kogan Creativity Battery were found to be moderately related in both sixth-grade children and high school seniors. (Author/JMB)

This study attempted to establish whether and at what age nursery school children begin to take others' outcomes into account in making choices, in tasks where competitive or cooperative choices permit successful performance, or in settings where cooperative or competitive choices imply foregoing own-gain maximization. (JMB)

An open-ended interview, a picture-recognition task, and a forced-choice rating task were administered to 64 four- to seven-year-old boys and girls to assess development of conceptions of friendship. Findings suggested that as children grow older they place increasing emphasis on affectively based friendship characteristics. (Author/MP)

Tested the hypothesis that older children tend to use motivational attributions in their resolutions of situations in which behavior is incongruent with an actor's more stable attitudes, those relating to his disposition, role, or self interest. (Author/SB)

Attempted to determine (1) whether developmental differences existed in children's comprehension of simple necessity and simple sufficiency relationships, and (2) the source of developmental differences in children's causal reasoning. (SB)

Data provide strong evidence that studies of stress and cortisol release in infants must take into account basal level, circadian rhythm, and behavioral effects and employ appropriate statistical procedures. Participants were infants of two, four, and six months of age from whom salivary cortisol was obtained before and 15 minutes after an…

Children aged two and one-half to five years gave moral evaluations, attributions of parental affect, and personal liking evaluations of both standard (motive and outcome) moral episodes and simplified (motive only) episodes. (JMB)

Sixty children at each of two age levels (8 and 11 years old) performed a serial position recall task either in a control condition or under visual or auditory distraction and were tested for recall of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information. (Author/JMB)