NotesFAQContact Us
Collection
Advanced
Search Tips
Showing all 4 results Save | Export
Correlates and Consequences of Spanking and Verbal Punishment for Low-Income White, African American, and Mexican American Toddlers
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Direct linkDirect link
Berlin, Lisa J.; Ispa, Jean M.; Fine, Mark A.; Malone, Patrick S.; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne; Brady-Smith, Christy; Ayoub, Catherine; Bai, Yu – Child Development, 2009
This study examined the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of spanking and verbal punishment in 2,573 low-income White, African American, and Mexican American toddlers at ages 1, 2, and 3. Both spanking and verbal punishment varied by maternal race/ethnicity. Child fussiness at age 1 predicted spanking and verbal punishment at all 3 ages.…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Low Income, Toddlers, Whites
Background Verbal and Physical Anger: A Comparison of Children's Responses to Adult-Adult and Adult-Child Arguments.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
El-Sheikh, Mona; Cheskes, Jaime – Child Development, 1995
Examined responses of 6- to 7- and 9 to 10-year olds to adult-child conflict, compared them to responses to adult-adult conflict, and further examined responses in relation to verbal and physical expression of anger. Participants in the conflict, the form of anger, and the age and gender of the subject moderated some responses. (DR)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Aggression, Anger, Conflict Resolution
Effects of Aggressive and Nonagressive Male and Female Models on the Behavior of Emotionally Disturbed Boys
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Davids, Anthony – Child Development, 1972
Descriptors: Aggression, Behavior Change, Behavioral Science Research, Data Analysis
Hitting in Toddler-Peer Interaction.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Brownlee, John R.; Bakeman, Roger – Child Development, 1981
Examined whether toddler peers use hitting as a means of communication. Results demonstrated that hitting systematically resulted in different social outcomes for two-year-olds but not for one- or three-year-olds. The authors speculate that how gestures are used in nonverbal communication may change as verbal communication comes to dominate peer…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Aggression, Communication Research, Language Proficiency