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A Developmental Eye Tracking Investigation of Cued Task Switching Performance
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Zheng, Annie; Church, Jessica A. – Child Development, 2021
Children perform worse than adults on tests of cognitive flexibility, which is a component of executive function. To assess what aspects of a cognitive flexibility task (cued switching) children have difficulty with, investigators tested where eye gaze diverged over age. Eye-tracking was used as a proxy for attention during the preparatory period…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Executive Function, Cognitive Tests, Cognitive Development
Measuring and Predicting Individual Differences in Executive Functions at 14 Months: A Longitudinal Study
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Devine, Rory T.; Ribner, Andrew; Hughes, Claire – Child Development, 2019
This study of 195 (108 boys) children seen twice during infancy (Time 1: 4.12 months; Time 2: 14.42 months) aimed to investigate the associations between and infant predictors of executive function (EF) at 14 months. Infants showed high levels of compliance with the EF tasks at 14 months. There was little evidence of cohesion among EF tasks but…
Descriptors: Predictive Measurement, Predictor Variables, Individual Differences, Executive Function
Sources of Individual Differences in Children's Understanding of Fractions
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Vukovic, Rose K.; Fuchs, Lynn S.; Geary, David C.; Jordan, Nancy C.; Gersten, Russell; Siegler, Robert S. – Child Development, 2014
Longitudinal associations of domain-general and numerical competencies with individual differences in children's understanding of fractions were investigated. Children (n = 163) were assessed at 6 years of age on domain-general (nonverbal reasoning, language, attentive behavior, executive control, visual-spatial memory) and numerical (number…
Descriptors: Children, Individual Differences, Mathematics, Arithmetic
Infant Attention and Early Childhood Executive Function
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Cuevas, Kimberly; Bell, Martha Ann – Child Development, 2014
Individual differences in infant attention are theorized to reflect the speed of information processing and are related to later cognitive abilities (i.e., memory, language, and intelligence). This study provides the first systematic longitudinal analysis of infant attention and early childhood executive function (EF; e.g., working memory,…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Early Childhood Education, Attention, Infants
The Multiple Subfunctions of Attention: Differential Developmental Gateways to Literacy and Numeracy
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Steele, Ann; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette; Cornish, Kim; Scerif, Gaia – Child Development, 2012
Attention is construed as multicomponential, but the roles of its distinct subfunctions in shaping the broader developing cognitive landscape are poorly understood. The current study assessed 3- to 6-year-olds (N = 83) to: (a) trace developmental trajectories of attentional processes and their structure in early childhood and (b) measure the…
Descriptors: Literacy, Children, Longitudinal Studies, Numeracy
Effects of Labeling on Preschoolers' Explicit False Belief Performance: Outcomes of Cognitive Flexibility or Inhibitory Control?
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Low, Jason; Simpson, Samantha – Child Development, 2012
Executive function mechanisms underpinning language-related effects on theory of mind understanding were examined in a sample of 165 preschoolers. Verbal labels were manipulated to identify relevant perspectives on an explicit false belief task. In Experiment 1 with 4-year-olds (N = 74), false belief reasoning was superior in the fully and…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Preschool Children, Executive Function, Beliefs