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Adolescents' Interpretations of Parental Control: Differentiated by Domain and Types of Control
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Kakihara, Fumiko; Tilton-Weaver, Lauree – Child Development, 2009
To determine whether adolescents interpret parental behavioral and psychological control differently, type, level, and domain of control were manipulated across 3 interpretations (adolescents' competence, mattering to parents, and parental intrusiveness). As expected, adolescents (N = 67, M = 14.25 years) generally interpreted high levels of…
Descriptors: Models, Parent Child Relationship, Adolescents, Psychology
Internal-External Locus-of-Control Dimension as a Function of Age and the Socialization Milieu
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Lifshitz, Michaela – Child Development, 1973
The Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire (IAR) was given to 183 children, ages 9 to 14, from three kibutz movements in Israel, in order to explore the meaning of locus of control among children raised within a specified framework. (ST)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Elementary School Students, Failure
Outerdirectedness as a Problem-solving Approach in Relation to Developmental Level and Selected Task Variables
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Ruble, Diane N.; Nakamura, Charles Y. – Child Development, 1973
This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Elementary School Students, Expectation