Assessed 25-month-old girls' and boys' immediate and delayed recall of sequences depicting female-stereotyped, male-stereotyped, and gender-neutral activities. Girls showed equivalent recall of all sequence types. Boys showed better recall of male- than female-stereotyped sequences, and equivalent recall of male-stereotyped and gender-neutral…

A sample of 355 first-, third-, and fifth-grade children from a middle-class school were asked to rate each of 40 adult occupations as male, female, or neutral, in terms of their attitudes about which sex has the abilities to do each job. (Author/JMB)

Challenges the view that the cognitive-developmental level of preschool children prevents them from attaining gender constancy. Reviews shortcomings in procedures previously used to assess gender constancy. Reports on a study which uses a new measure of gender constancy and a new test of children's genital knowledge. (PCB)

Developmental levels of gender identity in preschool children were investigated. (JMB)

Examines the conceptual basis of preschoolers' judgments regarding cross-gender behavior, taking into consideration the type of sex-role regularity and whether it is male or female sex-role stereotype. (HOD)

Data indicate that for girls, affective dispositional factors (empathy, depressive affectivity, aggression, and self-concept) are intimately linked to cognitive development and academic achievement. (PCB)

Investigates the relationship between self-recognition and self-evaluative emotions in two studies on 27 children aged 9-24 months and 44 children aged 22 months. The results of both studies indicate that embarrassment but not wariness was related to self-recognition. (RJC)

The relation between past history of outcomes and achievement expectancies was examined for 72 elementary school students. (JMB)

Piaget's conservation paradigm was used to assess five- to seven-year-old children's understanding of the permanence of various kinship roles. Children's conservation was studied by applying certain transformations on single- and multiple-kinship role combinations. Kinship conservation developed gradually in this age range. Females' performance…

Studies the relationship between timing of puberty and spatial ability in 53 undergraduate women. Results do not show evidence for greater spatial ability on the part of those who have late maturation. (RJC)

Tests the distinction between inferring new categories on the basis of property information (predicted to be difficult) and inferring new properties on the basis of category information (predicted to be easier) among 57 preschool children. (HOD)

Development of gender understanding in preschool age children was studied over eight months. Understanding appeared to follow an orderly sequence according to the person referred to: first, when the self was the referent; second, when a same-sex other; third, when an opposite-sex other. (Author/DB)

Gender constancy was assessed at ages 4, 5, 6, and 7 for 314 economically disadvantaged children. Results yielded evidence for the sequential placement of a transitional phase in the development of gender constancy. (JMB)

Examined preschool children's conceptions of moral and conventional rules. Children judged the seriousness, rule contingency, rule relativism, and amount of deserved punishment for 10 depicted moral and conventional preschool transgressions. Constant across ages and sexes, children evaluated moral transgressions as more serious offenses and more…