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van der Goot, Marloes H.; Tomasello, Michael; Liszkowski, Ulf – Child Development, 2014
This study investigated how great apes and human infants use imperative pointing to request objects. In a series of three experiments (infants, N = 44; apes, N = 12), subjects were given the opportunity to either point to a desired object from a distance or else to approach closer and request it proximally. The apes always approached close to the…
Descriptors: Infants, Animals, Nonverbal Communication, Proximity
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Vouloumanos, Athena; Hauser, Marc D.; Werker, Janet F.; Martin, Alia – Child Development, 2010
Human neonates prefer listening to speech compared to many nonspeech sounds, suggesting that humans are born with a bias for speech. However, neonates' preference may derive from properties of speech that are not unique but instead are shared with the vocalizations of other species. To test this, thirty neonates and sixteen 3-month-olds were…
Descriptors: Neonates, Primatology, Auditory Stimuli, Speech Communication
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White, Sarah; Hill, Elisabeth; Happe, Francesca; Frith, Uta – Child Development, 2009
A test of advanced theory of mind (ToM), first introduced by F. Happe (1994), was adapted for children (mental, human, animal, and nature stories plus unlinked sentences). These materials were closely matched for difficulty and were presented to forty-five 7- to 12-year-olds with autism and 27 control children. Children with autism who showed ToM…
Descriptors: Autism, Cognitive Development, Children, Comparative Analysis
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Schneider, Mary L.; Moore, Colleen F.; Kraemer, Gary W. – Child Development, 2004
This study examined the relationship between moderate-level prenatal alcohol exposure, prenatal stress, and postnatal response to a challenging event in 6-month-old rhesus monkeys. Forty-one rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) infants were exposed prenatally to moderate level alcohol, maternal stress, or both. Offspring plasma cortisol and…
Descriptors: Pregnancy, Drinking, Stress Variables, Separation Anxiety
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Tomasello, Michael; Call, Josep; Gluckman, Andrea – Child Development, 1997
Compared comprehension of novel communicative signs to assist 2.5- and 3-year-old humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans find hidden objects during a hiding-finding game. Found that children at both ages performed above chance with all signs. No ape performed above chance for any signs not known before the experiment despite three times as many…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Cognitive Development, Communication Research, Communication Skills