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Forest, Tess Allegra; Abolghasem, Zahra; Finn, Amy S.; Schlichting, Margaret L. – Child Development, 2023
Trajectories of cognitive and neural development suggest that, despite early emergence, the ability to extract environmental patterns changes across childhood. Here, 5- to 9-year-olds and adults (N = 211, 110 females, in a large Canadian city) completed a memory test assessing what they remembered after watching a stream of shape triplets: the…
Descriptors: Child Development, Cognitive Development, Memory, Tests
Kampis, Dora; Lukowski Duplessy, Helle; Askitis, Dimitrios; Southgate, Victoria – Child Development, 2023
People sometimes commit 'egocentric errors', failing to ignore their own perspective when interpreting others' communication. Training imitation-inhibition, when participants perform the opposite action from another person, facilitates subsequent perspective-taking in adults. This study tested whether imitation-inhibition training also facilitates…
Descriptors: Perspective Taking, Imitation, Inhibition, Self Concept
Eva Yi Hung Lau; Xiao-yuan Wu; Carrey Tik Sze Siu; Kate E. Williams; Alfredo Bautista – Child Development, 2025
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the "Parent-child Brain Camp," a 4-week video-based executive functions (EFs) training program for children ages 5-6, through a randomized controlled trial with a pre- and post-test design with 173 Hong Kong children (intervention "ni" = 79, 48.7% girls, M[subscript age] = 69.16 months;…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Parent Child Relationship, Comparative Analysis, Intervention
Lisa S. Olive; Rohan M. Telford; Elizabeth Westrupp; Richard D. Telford – Child Development, 2024
This study aimed to determine the effects of the Active Early Learning (AEL) childcare center-based physical activity intervention on early childhood executive function and expressive vocabulary via a randomized controlled trial. Three-hundred-and-fourteen preschool children (134 girls) aged 3-5 years from 15 childcare centers were randomly…
Descriptors: Physical Activities, Intervention, Child Development, Executive Function
Plate, Rista C.; Fulvio, Jacqueline M.; Shutts, Kristin; Green, C. Shawn; Pollak, Seth D. – Child Development, 2018
Individuals track probabilities, such as associations between events in their environments, but less is known about the degree to which experience--within a learning session and over development--influences people's use of incoming probabilistic information to guide behavior in real time. In two experiments, children (4-11 years) and adults…
Descriptors: Child Development, Children, Young Children, Change Strategies
Jones, Jonathan S.; Adlam, Anna-Lynne R.; Benattayallah, Abdelmalek; Milton, Fraser N. – Child Development, 2022
Working memory training improves children's cognitive performance on untrained tasks; however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. This was investigated in 32 typically developing children aged 10-14 years (19 girls and 13 boys) using a randomized controlled design and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (Devon, UK;…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Child Development, Cognitive Development, Diagnostic Tests
Verwimp, Cara; Snellings, Patrick; Wiers, Reinout W.; Tijms, Jurgen – Child Development, 2023
This study examined how top-down control influenced letter-speech sound (L-SS) learning, the initial phase of learning to read. In 2020, 107 Dutch children (53 boys, M[subscript age] = 106.845 months) learned eight L-SS correspondences, either preceded by goal-directed or implicit instructions. Symbol knowledge and artificial word-reading ability…
Descriptors: Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Speech Communication, Language Acquisition, Reading Processes
Lister, Casey J.; Burtenshaw, Tiarn; Walker, Bradley; Ohan, Jeneva L.; Fay, Nicolas – Child Development, 2021
Naturalistic studies show that children can create language-like communication systems in the absence of conventional language. However, experimental evidence is mixed. We address this discrepancy using an experimental paradigm that simulates naturalistic sign creation. Specifically, we tested if a sample of 6- to 12-year-old children (52 girls…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Sign Language, Nonverbal Communication, Comparative Analysis
Chestnut, Eleanor K.; Markman, Ellen M. – Child Development, 2016
Adults exhibit strong preferences when framing symmetrical relations. Adults prefer, for example, "A zebra is like a horse" to "A horse is like a zebra," and "The bicycle is near the building" to "The building is near the bicycle." This is because directional syntax requires more typical or prominent items…
Descriptors: Preferences, Syntax, Gender Differences, Age Differences
Starr, Ariel; Cirolia, Alagia J.; Tillman, Katharine A.; Srinivasan, Mahesh – Child Development, 2021
Why are spatial metaphors, like the use of "high" to describe a musical pitch, so common? This study tested one hundred and fifty-four 3- to 5-year-old English-learning children on their ability to learn a novel adjective in the domain of space or pitch and to extend this adjective to the untrained dimension. Children were more…
Descriptors: Figurative Language, Language Acquisition, Vocabulary Development, Music
Gelman, Susan A.; Manczak, Erika M.; Was, Alexandra M.; Noles, Nicholaus S. – Child Development, 2016
An object's mental representation includes not just visible attributes but also its nonvisible history. The present studies tested whether preschoolers seek subtle indicators of an object's history, such as a mark acquired during its handling. Five studies with 169 children 3-5 years of age and 97 college students found that children (like adults)…
Descriptors: Young Children, College Students, Ownership, Comparative Analysis
de Chantal, Pier-Luc; Gagnon-St-Pierre, Émilie; Markovits, Henry – Child Development, 2020
This study explored the hypothesis that preschoolers' deductive reasoning would be improved by encouraging use of divergent thinking (DT). Children of 4-5 years of age (n = 120) were randomly given DT or neutral control exercises before deductive reasoning problems. To allow a stronger test of the hypothesis, half of the children receiving the DT…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Creative Thinking, Teaching Methods, Hypothesis Testing
Mangin, Kathryn S.; Horwood, L. J.; Woodward, Lianne J. – Child Development, 2017
Cognitive impairment is common among children born very preterm (VPT), yet little is known about how this risk changes over time. To examine this issue, a regional cohort of 110 VPT (= 32 weeks gestation) and 113 full-term (FT) born children was prospectively assessed at ages 4, 6, 9, and 12 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Cognitive Ability, Premature Infants, At Risk Persons
Psouni, Elia; Falck, Andreas; Boström, Leni; Persson, Martin; Sidén, Lisa; Wallin, Maria – Child Development, 2019
Effects of "joint attention" were addressed on 3- to 4-year-olds' performance in a verbal false-Belief Test (FBT), featuring the experimenter as co-watcher rather than narrator. In two experiments, children (N = 183) watched a filmed-FBT jointly with a test leader, disjointed from a test leader, or alone. Children attending jointly with…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Young Children, Beliefs, Comparative Analysis
Hornburg, Caroline Byrd; Wang, Lijuan; McNeil, Nicole M. – Child Development, 2018
A prevailing theory of mathematical problem solving predicts that children will be less accurate solving a + b = c + __ problems versus a + b = __ + c. However, this has never been tested directly. Because of low base rates, information combined from multiple studies can help improve estimation accuracy and precision. This study compared…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Accuracy, Problem Solving, Comparative Analysis