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Direct linkVerwimp, Cara; Snellings, Patrick; Wiers, Reinout W.; Tijms, Jurgen – Child Development, 2023
This study examined how top-down control influenced letter-speech sound (L-SS) learning, the initial phase of learning to read. In 2020, 107 Dutch children (53 boys, M[subscript age] = 106.845 months) learned eight L-SS correspondences, either preceded by goal-directed or implicit instructions. Symbol knowledge and artificial word-reading ability…
Descriptors: Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Speech Communication, Language Acquisition, Reading Processes
Peer reviewedOpfer, John E.; Gelman, Susan A. – Child Development, 2001
Two studies examined models that preschoolers, fifth-graders, and adults use to guide predictions of self-beneficial, goal-directed action. Found that preschoolers' predictions were consistent with an animal-based model, fifth-graders' with biology-based and complexity-based models, and adults' predictions with a biology-based model. All age…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Children, Comparative Analysis
