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Psouni, Elia; Falck, Andreas; Boström, Leni; Persson, Martin; Sidén, Lisa; Wallin, Maria – Child Development, 2019
Effects of "joint attention" were addressed on 3- to 4-year-olds' performance in a verbal false-Belief Test (FBT), featuring the experimenter as co-watcher rather than narrator. In two experiments, children (N = 183) watched a filmed-FBT jointly with a test leader, disjointed from a test leader, or alone. Children attending jointly with…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Young Children, Beliefs, Comparative Analysis
Gangi, Devon N.; Boterberg, Sofie; Schwichtenberg, Amy J.; Solis, Erika; Young, Gregory S.; Iosif, Ana-Maria; Ozonoff, Sally – Child Development, 2021
Two independent cohorts (N = 155, N = 126) of infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were followed prospectively between 6 and 36 months of age, when n = 46 were diagnosed with ASD. Gaze to adult faces was coded--during a developmental assessment (Cohort 1) or a play interaction (Cohort 2). Across both cohorts, most…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Early Intervention, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Zimmermann, Laura; Moser, Alecia; Lee, Herietta; Gerhardstein, Peter; Barr, Rachel – Child Development, 2017
This study examined the effect of a "ghost" demonstration on toddlers' imitation. In the "ghost" condition, virtual pieces moved to make a fish or boat puzzle. Fifty-two 2.5- and 3-year-olds were tested on a touchscreen (no transfer) or with 3D pieces (transfer); children tested with 3D pieces scored above a no demonstration…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Imitation, Computer Assisted Testing, Performance
Durkin, Kelley; Shafto, Patrick – Child Development, 2016
The epistemic trust literature emphasizes that children's evaluations of informants' trustworthiness affects learning, but there is no evidence that epistemic trust affects learning in academic domains. The current study investigated how reliability affects decimal learning. Fourth and fifth graders (N = 122; M[subscript age] = 10.1 years)…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Trust (Psychology), Child Development, Reliability
Gweon, Hyowon; Dodell-Feder, David; Bedny, Marina; Saxe, Rebecca – Child Development, 2012
Thinking about other people's thoughts recruits a specific group of brain regions, including the temporo-parietal junctions (TPJ), precuneus (PC), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). The same brain regions were recruited when children (N = 20, 5-11 years) and adults (N = 8) listened to descriptions of characters' mental states, compared to…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Theory of Mind, Children, Specialization
Hurd, Noelle M.; Sanchez, Bernadette; Zimmerman, Marc A.; Caldwell, Cleopatra H. – Child Development, 2012
The present study explored how relationships with natural mentors may contribute to African American adolescents' long-term educational attainment by influencing adolescents' racial identity and academic beliefs. This study included 541 academically at-risk African American adolescents transitioning into adulthood. The mean age of participants at…
Descriptors: Educational Attainment, Adolescents, Racial Identification, Mentors
Van Hecke, Amy Vaughan; Lebow, Jocelyn; Bal, Elgiz; Lamb, Damon; Harden, Emily; Kramer, Alexis; Denver, John; Bazhenova, Olga; Porges, Stephen W. – Child Development, 2009
Few studies have examined whether familiarity of partner affects social responses in children with autism. This study investigated heart rate regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]: The myelinated vagus nerve's regulation of heart rate) and temporal-parietal electroencephalogram (EEG) activity while nineteen 8- to 12-year-old children with…
Descriptors: Autism, Familiarity, Medicine, Interpersonal Competence

Sroufe, L. Alan – Child Development, 1985
Temperament and attachment, as defined by Bowlby and his followers, are fundamentally different constructs, and research guided by the attachment perspective cannot meaningfully be assimilated to the temperament construct. Qualitative aspects of relationships simply cannot be reduced to individual behavioral dimensions. (RH)
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Comparative Analysis, Individual Characteristics, Infants

Griffith, Elizabeth M.; Pennington, Bruce F.; Wehner, Elizabeth A.; Rogers, Sally J. – Child Development, 1999
Two studies compared executive function performance of preschoolers with autism and control group matched on age, verbal ability, and nonverbal ability. Study 1 found no group differences on eight tasks. Autistic children initiated fewer joint attention and social interaction behaviors. Followup with subset of Study 1 children found that neither…
Descriptors: Autism, Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis, Followup Studies

Jipson, Jennifer L.; Callanan, Maureen A. – Child Development, 2003
Two studies explored how mothers and preschoolers talk and reason about events in which biological and nonbiological objects change in size. Analysis of conversations indicated that although mothers discussed events primarily in domain-specific ways when using the term growth, they exhibited some domain blurring in explanations to preschoolers.…
Descriptors: Caregiver Speech, Change, Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis

Rothbaum, Fred; Pott, Martha; Azuma, Hiroshi; Miyake, Kazuo; Weisz, John – Child Development, 2000
Notes that commentators unanimously support Rothbaum et al.'s general orientation to culture and development and their developmental pathways. Views commentators' suggestions as relating to trade-offs: between theories that highlight generalization or exceptions; between methods that rely on one-, two-, or multiculture studies; and between values…
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Comparative Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Context

Dennis, Tracy A.; Cole, Pamela M.; Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn; Mizuta, Ichiro – Child Development, 2002
This study examined cultural differences and similarities in socialization during free play and a waiting task among Japanese mothers and their preschoolers temporarily residing in the United States and U.S. mothers and their preschoolers. Findings suggest an emphasis on autonomy among U.S. dyads and an emphasis on relatedness among Japanese…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Context Effect, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Differences

Rothbaum, Fred; Pott, Martha; Azuma, Hiroshi; Miyake, Kazuo; Weisz, John – Child Development, 2000
Compares paths of development in Japan (symbiotic harmony) and the United States (generative tension) of parent-child and adult mate relationships, challenging assumptions that certain processes are central in all relationships or that U.S. relationships are less valued or weaker than Japan's. Suggests need to investigate processes underlying, and…
Descriptors: Adults, Attachment Behavior, Children, Comparative Analysis

Wainryb, Cecilia – Child Development, 1995
Examined how children of different cultural backgrounds weigh competing considerations when presented with conflicts between two concerns: Justice-Authority; Justice-Interpersonal; Personal-Interpersonal; Personal-Authority. For each concern, subjects selected the course of action to be followed and weighed alternatives. Found differences between…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Children, Comparative Analysis

Wainryb, Cecilia; Turiel, Elliot – Child Development, 1994
Two studies examined concepts of personal autonomy and social roles among persons in different types of cultures. Found that Druze subjects attributed more power than Jewish subjects to males over females, but concepts of personal entitlements were prominent in both groups. Overall, findings indicated that social reasoning is heterogeneous in…
Descriptors: Adults, Comparative Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Context