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| Educational Environment | 3 |
| Sex Differences | 3 |
| Social Behavior | 3 |
| Adjustment (to Environment) | 1 |
| Basic Skills | 1 |
| Blacks | 1 |
| Children | 1 |
| Cognitive Development | 1 |
| Comparative Analysis | 1 |
| Competition | 1 |
| Cooperation | 1 |
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| Child Development | 3 |
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| Journal Articles | 1 |
| Reports - Research | 1 |
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Peer reviewedBerk, Laura E. – Child Development, 1971
Descriptors: Basic Skills, Educational Environment, Lower Class, Middle Class
Peer reviewedCrockenberg, Susan B.; And Others – Child Development, 1976
This study examines the effects of cooperative versus competitive goal structures on the subsequent intra- and interpersonal behavior of fourth-grade children. Results indicate that the effects of competitively structured environments differ for winners and nonwinners and for boys and girls. (Author/SB)
Descriptors: Competition, Cooperation, Educational Environment, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedBolger, Kerry E.; And Others – Child Development, 1995
Examines the effects of persistent economic hardship on children. Both black and white children who experienced persistent family economic hardship demonstrated problems in peer relations, showed conduct problems at school, and reported low self-esteem. Connections between persistent economic hardship and psychosocial adjustment were more…
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Blacks, Children, Cognitive Development
