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Bryant, Lauren J.; Cuevas, Kimberly – Child Development, 2022
The effects of rewards on executive function (EF) reflect bidirectional interactions among motivational and executive systems that vary with age and temperament. However, methodological limitations hinder understanding of the precise influences of incentives on early EF, including the role of reward sensitivity. In this within-subjects study,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Executive Function, Reaction Time, Interference (Learning)
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Perone, Sammy; Plebanek, Daniel J.; Lorenz, Megan G.; Spencer, John P.; Samuelson, Larissa K. – Child Development, 2019
Executive function (EF) plays a foundational role in development. A brain-based model of EF development is probed for the experiences that strengthen EF in the dimensional change card sort task in which children sort cards by one rule and then are asked to switch to another. Three-year-olds perseverate on the first rule, failing the task, whereas…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Role, Child Development, Toddlers
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Perone, Sammy; Molitor, Stephen J.; Buss, Aaron T.; Spencer, John P.; Samuelson, Larissa K. – Child Development, 2015
Executive functions enable flexible thinking, something young children are notoriously bad at. For instance, in the dimensional change card sort (DCCS) task, 3-year-olds can sort cards by one dimension (shape), but continue to sort by this dimension when asked to switch (to color). This study tests a prediction of a dynamic neural field model that…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Young Children, Manipulative Materials, Color