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Direct linkAmanda Saksida; Alan Langus – Child Development, 2024
The account that word learning starts in earnest during the second year of life, when infants have mastered the disambiguation skills, has recently been challenged by evidence that infants during the first year already know many common words. The preliminary ability to rapidly map and disambiguate linguistic labels was tested in Italian-speaking…
Descriptors: Naming, Infants, Cognitive Mapping, Vocabulary Development
Sarah C. Creel – Child Development, 2025
How does one assess developmental change when the measures themselves change with development? Most developmental studies of word learning use either looking (infants) or pointing (preschoolers and older). With little empirical evidence of the relationship between the two measures, developmental change is difficult to assess. This paper analyzes…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Vocabulary Development, Language Acquisition, Accuracy
Tess Allegra Forest; Layla Bradford; Lorna Ginnell; Maroussia Berger; Donna Herr; Emmie Mbale; Kavindya Dalawella; Chloë A. Jacobs; Chikondi Mchazime; Celia D'Amato; Zamazimba Madi; Pious Clifford Mkaka; Claudia Espinoza-Heredia; Tembeka Mhlakwaphalwa; Vukiwe Ngoma; Monique Gilmore; Marlie Miles; Jinge Ren; Nwabisa Mlandu; Reese Samuels; Michal R. Zieff; Melissa Gladstone; Kirsten A. Donald; Dima Amso – Child Development, 2025
Cognitive development is associated with how predictable caregivers are, but the mechanisms driving this are unclear. One possibility is caregiver predictability initially shapes how infants gather information for learning. Here, caregiver-infant dyads (N = 222, 2-6-months-old, all female caregivers; data collected 2022-2023) in South Africa and…
Descriptors: Child Caregivers, Caregiver Child Relationship, Infants, Eye Movements
Ma, Lizhi; Twomey, Katherine; Westermann, Gert – Child Development, 2022
Others' emotional expressions affect individuals' attention allocation in social interactions, which are integral to the process of word learning. However, the impact of perceived emotions on word learning is not well understood. Two eye-tracking experiments investigated 78 British toddlers' (37 girls) of 29- to 31-month-old retention of novel…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Vocabulary Development, Eye Movements, Toddlers
Chen, Chi-hsin; Houston, Derek M.; Yu, Chen – Child Development, 2021
This research takes a dyadic approach to study early word learning and focuses on toddlers' (N = 20, age: 17-23 months) "information seeking" and parents' "information providing" behaviors and the ways the two are coupled in real-time parent-child interactions. Using head-mounted eye tracking, this study provides the first…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Information Seeking, Toddlers, Eye Movements
Sarah Leckey; Shefali Bhagath; Elliott G. Johnson; Simona Ghetti – Child Development, 2024
Memory decision-making in 26- to 32-month-olds was investigated using visual-paired comparison paradigms, requiring toddlers to select familiar stimuli (Active condition) or view familiar and novel stimuli (Passive condition). In Experiment 1 (N = 108, 54.6% female, 62% White; replication N = 98), toddlers with higher accuracy in the Active…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Child Development, Memory, Decision Making
Hendrickson, Kristi; Oleson, Jacob; Walker, Elizabeth – Child Development, 2021
Although the ability to understand speech in adverse listening conditions is paramount for effective communication across the life span, little is understood about how this critical processing skill develops. This study asks how the dynamics of spoken word recognition (i.e., lexical access and competition) change during soft speech in 8- to…
Descriptors: Children, Word Recognition, Listening, Speech
Burling, Joseph M.; Yoshida, Hanako – Child Development, 2019
Manual skills slowly develop throughout infancy and have been shown to create clear views of objects that provide better support for visually sustained attention, recognition, memory, and learning. These clear views may coincide with the development of manual skills, or that social scaffolding supports clear viewing experiences like those…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Infants, Skill Development, Attention Control
Bradshaw, Jessica; McCracken, Courtney; Pileggi, Moira; Brane, Natalie; Delehanty, Abigail; Day, Taylor; Federico, Alexis; Klaiman, Cheryl; Saulnier, Celine; Klin, Ami; Wetherby, Amy – Child Development, 2021
Social-communication differences are a robust and defining feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but identifying early points of divergence in infancy has been a challenge. The current study examines social communication in 9- to 12-month-old infants who develop ASD (N = 30; 23% female; 70% white) compared to typically developing (TD) infants…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Interpersonal Communication, Infants
Zheng, Annie; Church, Jessica A. – Child Development, 2021
Children perform worse than adults on tests of cognitive flexibility, which is a component of executive function. To assess what aspects of a cognitive flexibility task (cued switching) children have difficulty with, investigators tested where eye gaze diverged over age. Eye-tracking was used as a proxy for attention during the preparatory period…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Executive Function, Cognitive Tests, Cognitive Development
Pathman, Thanujeni; Ghetti, Simona – Child Development, 2014
Temporal memory in 7-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and young adults (N = 78) was examined introducing a novel eye-movement paradigm. Participants learned object sequences and were tested under three conditions: temporal order, temporal context, and recognition. Age-related improvements in accuracy were found across conditions; accuracy in the temporal…
Descriptors: Time, Memory, Children, Young Adults
Pickron, Charisse B.; Iyer, Arjun; Fava, Eswen; Scott, Lisa S. – Child Development, 2018
This study examined differences in visual attention as a function of label learning from 6 to 9 months of age. Before and after 3 months of parent-directed storybook training with computer-generated novel objects, event-related potentials and visual fixations were recorded while infants viewed trained and untrained images (n = 23). Relative to a…
Descriptors: Child Development, Visual Perception, Attention Control, Parent Child Relationship
Tummeltshammer, Kristen Swan; Mareschal, Denis; Kirkham, Natasha Z. – Child Development, 2014
With many features competing for attention in their visual environment, infants must learn to deploy attention toward informative cues while ignoring distractions. Three eye tracking experiments were conducted to investigate whether 6- and 8-month-olds (total N = 102) would shift attention away from a distractor stimulus to learn a cue-reward…
Descriptors: Attention, Infants, Infant Behavior, Cues
Kirkorian, Heather L.; Anderson, Daniel R.; Keen, Rachel – Child Development, 2012
Eye movements were recorded while sixty-two 1-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and adults watched television. Of interest was the extent to which viewers looked at the same place at the same time as their peers because high similarity across viewers suggests systematic viewing driven by comprehension processes. Similarity of gaze location increased with…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Eye Movements, Infants, Age Differences
Mulak, Karen E.; Best, Catherine T.; Tyler, Michael D.; Kitamura, Christine; Irwin, Julia R. – Child Development, 2013
By 12 months, children grasp that a phonetic change to a word can change its identity ("phonological distinctiveness"). However, they must also grasp that some phonetic changes do "not" ("phonological constancy"). To test development of phonological constancy, sixteen 15-month-olds and sixteen 19-month-olds completed…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Toddlers, Phonology, Age Differences
