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Bar-Tal, Daniel; Darom, Efraim – Child Development, 1979
Using an open-ended questionnaire, 236 fifth- and sixth-grade pupils attributed their success or failure on a test given in their classroom to eight different causes. Results indicated that the pupils tended to attribute success mainly to external causes and failure mainly to internal causes. (JMB)
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Failure
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Lifshitz, Michaela – Child Development, 1973
The Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire (IAR) was given to 183 children, ages 9 to 14, from three kibutz movements in Israel, in order to explore the meaning of locus of control among children raised within a specified framework. (ST)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Elementary School Students, Failure
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Connell, James P. – Child Development, 1985
Describes a new 48-item self-report instrument, the Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perceptions of Control, which defines children's perceptions of control as understanding the locus of sufficient cause for success and failure. Three dimensions of third- through ninth-grade children's perceptions of control are assessed within three…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Comprehension, Elementary School Students, Elementary Secondary Education