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Essex, Marilyn J.; Boyce, W. Thomas; Hertzman, Clyde; Lam, Lucia L.; Armstrong, Jeffrey M.; Neumann, Sarah M. A.; Kobor, Michael S. – Child Development, 2013
Fifteen-year-old adolescents (N = 109) in a longitudinal study of child development were recruited to examine differences in DNA methylation in relation to parent reports of adversity during the adolescents' infancy and preschool periods. Microarray technology applied to 28,000 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sites within DNA derived from buccal…
Descriptors: Genetics, Adolescents, Child Development, Longitudinal Studies
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Murray, Lynne; de Rosnay, Marc; Pearson, Joanna; Bergeron, Caroline; Schofield, Elizabeth; Royal-Lawson, Melanie; Cooper, Peter J. – Child Development, 2008
Responses to an unfamiliar adult were examined in infants of mothers with social phobia (N = 79) and infants of nonanxious comparison mothers (N = 77) at 10 and 14 months in a social referencing paradigm. On each occasion, a female stranger first interacted with the mother and then approached and interacted with the infant. Over time, infants of…
Descriptors: Mothers, Infants, Anxiety, Parent Influence
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Eiden, Rina D.; Veira, Yvette; Granger, Douglas A. – Child Development, 2009
This study examined the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and reactivity at 7 months of infant age. Participants were 168 caregiver-infant dyads (87 cocaine exposed, 81 not cocaine exposed; 47% boys). Maternal behavior, caregiving instability, and infant growth and behavior were assessed,…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Prenatal Influences, Prenatal Care, Drug Abuse
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McHale, Susan M.; Kim, Ji-Yeon; Dotterer, Aryn M.; Crouter, Ann C.; Booth, Alan – Child Development, 2009
This study charted the development of gendered personality qualities and activity interests from age 7 to age 19 in 364 first- and second-born siblings from 185 White, middle/working-class families, assessed links between time in gendered social contexts (with mother, father, female peers, and male peers) and gender development, and tested whether…
Descriptors: Siblings, Mothers, Interests, Fathers
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Crouter, Ann C.; Whiteman, Shawn D.; McHale, Susan M.; Osgood, D. Wayne – Child Development, 2007
The development of gender attitudes in 402 youth (201 firstborn and 201 secondborn siblings) in 201 European American families was examined using data collected on seven occasions across 9 years. Pooling across siblings and using multilevel modeling, we examined gender attitude development from ages 7 to 19. Consistent with an ecological…
Descriptors: Siblings, Birth Order, Sex Role, Gender Issues
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Pasterski, Vickie L.; Geffner, Mitchell E.; Brain, Caroline; Hindmarsh, Peter; Brook, Charles; Hines, Melissa – Child Development, 2005
Toy choices of 3- to 10-year-old children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and of their unaffected siblings were assessed. Also assessed was parental encouragement of sex-typed toy play. Girls with CAH displayed more male-typical toy choices than did their unaffected sisters, whereas boys with and without CAH did not differ. Mothers and…
Descriptors: Toys, Females, Siblings, Feedback