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An Entity Theory of Intelligence Predicts Higher Cortisol Levels When High School Grades Are Declining
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Lee, Hae Yeon; Jamieson, Jeremy P.; Miu, Adriana S.; Josephs, Robert A.; Yeager, David S. – Child Development, 2019
Grades often decline during the high school transition, creating stress. The present research integrates the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat with the implicit theories model to understand who shows maladaptive stress responses. A diary study measured declines in grades in the first few months of high school: salivary cortisol…
Descriptors: Prediction, High School Students, Student Adjustment, Stress Variables
Does Reading Cause Later Intelligence? Accounting for Stability in Models of Change
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Bailey, Drew H.; Littlefield, Andrew K. – Child Development, 2017
This study reanalyzes data presented by Ritchie, Bates, and Plomin (2015) who used a cross-lagged monozygotic twin differences design to test whether reading ability caused changes in intelligence. The authors used data from a sample of 1,890 monozygotic twin pairs tested on reading ability and intelligence at five occasions between the ages of 7…
Descriptors: Correlation, Child Development, Intelligence, Developmental Stages
Achievement Emotions and Academic Performance: Longitudinal Models of Reciprocal Effects
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Pekrun, Reinhard; Lichtenfeld, Stephanie; Marsh, Herbert W.; Murayama, Kou; Goetz, Thomas – Child Development, 2017
A reciprocal effects model linking emotion and achievement over time is proposed. The model was tested using five annual waves of the Project for the Analysis of Learning and Achievement in Mathematics (PALMA) longitudinal study, which investigated adolescents' development in mathematics (Grades 5-9; N = 3,425 German students; mean starting…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Longitudinal Studies, Emotional Development, Mathematics Achievement
Stability of Core Language Skill from Early Childhood to Adolescence: A Latent Variable Approach
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Bornstein, Marc H.; Hahn, Chun-Shin; Putnick, Diane L.; Suwalsky, Joan T. D. – Child Development, 2014
This four-wave prospective longitudinal study evaluated stability of language in 324 children from early childhood to adolescence. Structural equation modeling supported loadings of multiple age-appropriate multisource measures of child language on single-factor core language skills at 20 months and 4, 10, and 14 years. Large stability…
Descriptors: Language Skills, Children, Adolescents, Longitudinal Studies
Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention
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Blackwell, Lisa S.; Trzesniewski, Kali H.; Dweck, Carol Sorich – Child Development, 2007
Two studies explored the role of implicit theories of intelligence in adolescents' mathematics achievement. In Study 1 with 373 7th graders, the belief that intelligence is malleable (incremental theory) predicted an upward trajectory in grades over the two years of junior high school, while a belief that intelligence is fixed (entity theory)…
Descriptors: Grade 7, Intervention, Experimental Groups, Mathematics Achievement
Memory and Speed: Their Role in the Relation of Infant Information Processing to Later IQ.
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Rose, Susan A.; Feldman, Judith F. – Child Development, 1997
Studied the extent to which memory and processing speed accounted for relations between infant information processing and childhood IQ. Found that the relationship of 7-month visual recognition memory and 1-year cross-modal transfer to 11-year IQ were reduced when statistically controlled for factors derived from these measures, suggesting that…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Encoding (Psychology), Infants