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Goulding, Brandon W.; Stonehouse, Emily Elizabeth; Friedman, Ori – Child Development, 2022
Children often say that strange and improbable events, like eating pickle-flavored ice cream, are impossible. Two experiments explored whether these beliefs are explained by limits in children's causal knowledge. Participants were 423 predominantly White Canadian 4- to 7-year-olds (44% female) tested in 2020-2021. Providing children with causal…
Descriptors: Young Children, Knowledge Level, Attribution Theory, Influences
Aboody, Rosie; Zhou, Caiqin; Jara-Ettinger, Julian – Child Development, 2021
When deciding whether to explore, agents must consider both their need for information and its cost. Do children recognize that exploration reflects a trade-off between action costs and expected information gain, inferring epistemic states accordingly? In two experiments, 4- and 5-year-olds (N = 144; of diverse race and ethnicity) judge that an…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Discovery Learning, Information Seeking, Epistemology
Ghrear, Siba; Fung, Klint; Haddock, Taeh; Birch, Susan A. J. – Child Development, 2021
The ability to make inferences about what one's peers know is critical for social interaction and communication. Three experiments (n = 309) examined the curse of knowledge, the tendency to be biased by one's knowledge when reasoning about others' knowledge, in children's estimates of their peers' knowledge. Four- to 7-year-olds were taught the…
Descriptors: Prediction, Peer Relationship, Social Cognition, Interpersonal Competence

Miller, Patricia H.; Aloise, Patricia A. – Child Development, 1989
Examines young children's preferences and understanding regarding external and internal causes of behavior. Considers research in four areas: (1) knowledge of psychological states; (2) understanding that psychological states can cause behavior; (3) preference for internal versus external causes; and (4) discounting. (RJC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attribution Theory, Child Development, Knowledge Level

Pezdek, Kathy; Hodge, Danelle – Child Development, 1999
Tested role of event plausibility and script-relevant knowledge in events suggestively planted in memory of 5- to 7-year olds and 9- to 12-year olds. Found that the majority did not remember either false event. Significantly more children recalled the plausible but not the implausible false event; only one recalled the implausible but not…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development, Knowledge Level

Hogrefe, G.-Juergen; And Others – Child Development, 1986
A series of six experiments compares young children's competence in attributing absence of knowledge (ignorance) to their competence in attributing a false belief to the other. (HOD)
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Beliefs, Cognitive Development, Epistemology

Thompson, Douglas R.; Siegler, Robert S. – Child Development, 2000
Two experiments examined development of economic understanding among 5-, 7- and 9-year-olds. Found that most 5-year-olds understood the goal of acquiring desired goods, and most 7- and 9-year-olds also understood the goals of seeking profits, acquiring goods inexpensively, and competing successfully with other sellers. Results suggest that older…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development

Flavell, John H.; Green, Frances L.; Flavell, Eleanor R.; Lin, Nancy T. – Child Development, 1999
Interviewed 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 10-year olds, and adults regarding their knowledge about primary-consciousness, reflective-consciousness, and control activities. Found that the recognition that people do not engage in conscious mental activities when unconscious is still developing during the late middle-childhood years. (Author/KB)
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development

Mostow, Allison J.; Izard, Carroll E.; Fine, Sarah; Trentacosta, Christopher J. – Child Development, 2002
This study examined a model of emotional, cognitive, and behavior predictors of peer acceptance in 201 early elementary school students. Findings indicated that social skills mediated the effect of emotion knowledge on same- and opposite-sex social preference. However, social skills and verbal ability were more strongly related to opposite-sex…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Children, Cognitive Development, Emotional Development