The release-from-proactive-inhibition technique was used to assess the effects of mode of presentation and presentation rate on the development of elementary school children's ability to use the evaluative dimension of the Semantic Differential as an encoding device in short-term memory. (Author/JMB)

Two experiments examined preschoolers' visual and verbal coding processes in a pictorial short-term memory task. Results of both experiments indicated that high visual similarity had a deleterious effect on recall accuracy regardless of the verbal codability of the stimuli. (Author/JMB)

The ability to recall and organize actions was studied in a sample of 80 children ranging in age from 5 to 11 years. Eight different auditory or visual commands were successively presented for 10 trials in each modality in a free-recall task. (Author/JMB)

A total of 120 children (aged 5, 9 and 11 years old) performed a spatial recall task utilizing either visual or auditory items. Results showed that visual recall was significantly superior to auditory recall at all age levels and all serial positions regardless of cue modality. (Author/JMB)

Examines life-span developmental differences in spontaneous integration of semantically relevant material presented in pictures and sentences. Elementary school students, high school students, and adults were tested. (Author/SS)