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Montirosso, Rosario; Provenzi, Livio; Fumagalli, Monica; Sirgiovanni, Ida; Giorda, Roberto; Pozzoli, Uberto; Beri, Silvana; Menozzi, Giorgia; Tronick, Ed; Morandi, Francesco; Mosca, Fabio; Borgatti, Renato – Child Development, 2016
Preterm birth and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay are early adverse stressful experiences, which may result in an altered temperamental profile. The serotonin transporter gene ("SLC6A4"), which has been linked to infant temperament, is susceptible to epigenetic regulation associated with early stressful experience. This study…
Descriptors: Genetics, Premature Infants, Stress Variables, Models
Leerkes, Esther M.; Blankson, A. Nayena; O'Brien, Marion – Child Development, 2009
Associations between maternal sensitivity to infant distress and nondistress and infant social-emotional adjustment were examined in a subset of dyads from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care (N = 376). Mothers reported on infant temperament at 1 and 6 months postpartum, and maternal sensitivity to distress and nondistress were observed at 6…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Infants, Child Behavior, Emotional Adjustment

Donovan, Wilberta L.; Leavitt, Lewis A. – Child Development, 1985
Using a version of the "learned helplessness" paradigm, assesses mothers' performance on a solvable task following pretreatments that involved exposure to an infant cry but that differed in the mothers' ability to exert control over termination of the cry. Proposes that learned helplessness models are relevant to the study of…
Descriptors: Helplessness, Infants, Intervention, Mothers

Rothbart, Mary Klevjord – Child Development, 1988
Studied the early development of inhibited approach through the observation of 48 infants. Subjects (aged 6.5, 10, and 13.5 months) were observed longitudinally as they reached for toys under high- and low-novelty/intensity conditions. Predictions that temperament would affect reaching behavior (with happy children reaching more quickly and…
Descriptors: Infants, Personality, Personality Studies, Personality Traits

Dunst, Carl J.; Lingerfelt, Barbara – Child Development, 1985
Relationship between maternal ratings of temperament and operant learning was examined in 18 2- to 3-month-old infants. Subjects participated in a conjugate reinforcement experiment; mothers of subjects completed the Carey and McDevitt Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire 2 to 3 days before the learning study. Two temperament dimensions,…
Descriptors: Infant Behavior, Learning, Mother Attitudes, Operant Conditioning

Sprunger, Lewis W.; And Others – Child Development, 1985
Examines the hypothesis that degree of match or congruence between behavioral characteristics of infants and their families may significantly influence the nature of their interactions and the success of their mutual adaptation. Conducted a cross-sectional study on infant-family congruence on the degree of rhythmicity (predictable regularity in…
Descriptors: Congruence (Psychology), Ethnicity, Family Relationship, Infants
Vaughan Van Hecke, Amy; Mundy, Peter C.; Acra, C. Francoise.; Block, Jessica J.; Delgado, Christine E. F.; Parlade, Meaghan V.; Meyer, Jessica A.; Neal, A. Rebecca; Pomares, Yuly B. – Child Development, 2007
Infant joint attention has been observed to be related to social-emotional outcomes in at-risk children. To address whether this relation is also evident in typically developing children, 52 children were tested at 12, 15, 24, and 30 months to examine associations between infant joint attention and social outcomes. Twelve-month initiating and…
Descriptors: Infants, Preschool Children, Interpersonal Competence, Attention Span

Thompson, Ross A.; And Others – Child Development, 1988
The contributions of temperamentally and nontemperamentally based emotional reactions to the organization of social interactive behavior within the Strange Situation are examined for the purpose of bettering the understanding of the emotional underpinnings of attachment system functioning. At 12 1/2 and 19 1/2 months, temperamental fear was…
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Fear, Infants, Mothers

van Bakel, Hedwig J. A.; Riksen-Walraven, J. Marianne – Child Development, 2002
Examined patterns of correlations among selected parental, contextual, and child characteristics accounting for variance in observed quality of parent-infant interaction and infant development with 15-month-olds and their families. Found that parental ego-resiliency and education, partner support, and infant social fearfulness explained…
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Child Development, Family Characteristics, Infants

Sameroff, Arnold J.; And Others – Child Development, 1982
Examines mother characteristics, child behavior, and mother's temperament ratings when their babies were 4 months old. The social status, anxiety level, and mental health status of the mother were all related to temperament ratings on the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Results suggest that individual differences in mothers may be the…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Individual Differences, Infant Behavior, Mental Health

Hornik, Robin; Gunnar, Megan R. – Child Development, 1988
Wary infants were more likely than bold infants to reference their mothers when the stimulus, a caged rabbit, was first presented; however, as the exploration period progressed, bold and wary infants referenced equally often. Referencing occurred less often than affective sharing. (RH)
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Exploratory Behavior, Facial Expressions, Incidence

Daniels, Denise; And Others – Child Development, 1984
Examines possible correlates of difficult temperament by testing 152 adopted and 120 nonadopted infants at 12 and 24 months. Finds no significant relationships between parental reports of difficult temperament and other aspects of infant development, the home environment, or parental personality. Questions the utility of the construct of difficult…
Descriptors: Adopted Children, Cognitive Development, Family Environment, Infants

Stephan, Cookie White; and Langlois, Judith – Child Development, 1984
Thirty Black, Caucasian, and Mexican-American undergraduates rated photographs of infants of each race on physical attractiveness and 12 bipolar adjectives. Results indicated that strong expectations that "beauty-is-good" are elicited soon after birth for Caucasians and non-Caucasians. Activity in babies appears to be a negative…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Blacks, Cultural Images, Expectation

Hsu, Chen-chin; And Others – Child Development, 1981
Investigated the usefulness of Carey's Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire in the Chinese culture and used the questionnaire to assess the temperamental characteristics of Chinese babies. While the general pattern of results resembled data from Carey's American sample, differences were found, which could be interpreted in terms of response…
Descriptors: Chinese, Cross Cultural Studies, Foreign Countries, Infants