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Direct linkChien, Nina C.; Mistry, Rashmita S. – Child Development, 2013
The effects of geographic variations in cost of living and family income on children's academic achievement and social competence in first grade (mean age = 86.9 months) were examined, mediated through material hardship, parental investments, family stress, and school resources. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten…
Descriptors: Geographic Location, Family Income, Economic Climate, Interpersonal Competence
Peer reviewedGutman, Leslie Morrison; Eccles, Jacquelynne S. – Child Development, 1999
Tested equivalence of theoretical model of parenting behaviors linking financial strain to adolescents' achievement for African American and European American families and single- and two-parent families. Found no significant differences in structural equation models between ethnic/racial groups or between family types. Negative parent-adolescent…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Adolescents, Black Youth, Family Financial Resources
