Fourth and fifth grade girls observed a reward, punishment, or neutral outcome to a game played by a person who chose to or was forced to play. Children, who observed the punished model, appreciated her lack of deservingness. Results were interpreted in terms of the just-world hypothesis. (ST)

Investigated the degree to which an individual disregards information about himself and his environment, as a function of his locus of control patterns, and hence is less responsive to or influenced by a given segment of information. Subjects were 341 fourth- and fifth-grade children. (SDH)

Study designed to reveal some of the intermediate skills which might account for the superior academic performance of children who perceive their reinforcements in those situations as caused by their own behavior (internal control). (Authors)

Four hypotheses were derived from the proposition that positive self-concept is due partly to an ability to utilize self-initiated verbal reinforcement. (Authors)

This experiment was primarily designed to investigate the preferred reinforcement patterns of urban Anglo-Americans, urban Mexican-Americans, and rural Mexicans. Subjects were 48 mother-child pairs, equally divided by culture and child's sex. (Author/CS)

This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)