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Malamut, Sarah T.; Trach, Jessica; Garandeau, Claire F.; Salmivalli, Christina – Child Development, 2023
Defending peers who have been bullied is often thought to put defenders at risk of becoming victimized themselves. The study investigated the concurrent and prospective associations between defending and (peer- and self-reported) victimization, and examined popularity and classroom norms as potential moderators. Participants included 4085 Finnish…
Descriptors: Peer Relationship, Victims, Advocacy, Correlation
Orvell, Ariana; Elli, Giulia; Umscheid, Valerie; Simmons, Ella; Kross, Ethan; Gelman, Susan A. – Child Development, 2023
A critical skill of childhood is learning social norms. We examine whether the generic pronouns "you" and "we," which frame information as applying to people in general rather than to a specific individual, facilitate this process. In one pre-registered experiment conducted online between 2020 and 2021, children 4- to…
Descriptors: Child Development, Form Classes (Languages), Decision Making, Social Behavior
Taumoepeau, Mele; Kata, 'Ungatea Fonua; Veikune, 'Ana Heti; Lotulelei, Susana; Vea, Peseti Tupou'ila; Fonua, 'Ilaisaane – Child Development, 2022
This study examined the developmental profiles of children's social reasoning about individual agentive and deontic concerns. Tongan children (N = 140, 47.9% male), aged 4-8 years, were given a set of mentalistic (standard theory-of-mind) and deontic reasoning tasks. On average, children found diverse desires, knowledge access, hidden emotion, and…
Descriptors: Young Children, Foreign Countries, Social Development, Logical Thinking
Tolmatcheff, Chloé; Galand, Benoit; Roskam, Isabelle; Veenstra, René – Child Development, 2022
This three-armed randomized controlled trial examined how moral disengagement and social norms account for change in bullying behavior and their potential as targets of anti-bullying components within separate interventions among 1200 French-speaking Belgian elementary students (48% boys, 9-12 year-olds, 57 classes, nine schools) during 2018-2019…
Descriptors: Moral Values, Comparative Analysis, Bullying, Intervention
Laninga-Wijnen, Lydia; Harakeh, Zeena; Garandeau, Claire F.; Dijkstra, Jan K.; Veenstra, René; Vollebergh, Wilma A. M. – Child Development, 2019
This study examined the coevolution of prosocial and aggressive popularity norms with popularity hierarchy (asymmetries in students' popularity). Cross-lagged-panel analyses were conducted on 2,843 secondary school students (N[subscript classrooms] = 120; M[subscript age] = 13.18; 51.3% girls). Popularity hierarchy predicted relative change in…
Descriptors: Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, Peer Acceptance, Secondary School Students
Osterhaus, Christopher; Koerber, Susanne; Sodian, Beate – Child Development, 2016
Advanced theory-of-mind (AToM) development was investigated in three separate studies involving 82, 466, and 402 elementary school children (8-, 9-, and 10-year-olds). Rasch and factor analyses assessed whether common conceptual development underlies higher-order false-belief understanding, social understanding, emotion recognition, and…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Inhibition, Language Acquisition, Prediction
Banerjee, Robin; Bennett, Mark; Luke, Nikki – Child Development, 2012
Rule violations are likely to serve as key contexts for learning to reason about public identity. In an initial study with 91 children aged 4-9 years, social emotions and self-presentational concerns were more likely to be cited when children were responding to hypothetical vignettes involving social-conventional rather than moral violations. In 2…
Descriptors: Vignettes, Video Technology, Social Behavior, Behavior Standards
Nesdale, Drew; Lawson, Michael J. – Child Development, 2011
The effects of social group norms (inclusion vs. exclusion vs. exclusion-plus-relational aggression) and school norms (inclusion vs. no norm) on 7- and 10-year-old children's intergroup attitudes were examined. Children (n = 383) were randomly assigned to a group with an inclusion or exclusion norm, and to 1 of the school norm conditions. Findings…
Descriptors: Intergroup Relations, Peer Groups, Behavior Standards, Social Behavior
Development of Intra- and Intergroup Judgments in the Context of Moral and Social-Conventional Norms
Killen, Melanie; Rutland, Adam; Abrams, Dominic; Mulvey, Kelly Lynn; Hitti, Aline – Child Development, 2013
Children and adolescents evaluated group inclusion and exclusion in the context of generic and group-specific norms involving morality and social conventions. Participants ("N" = 381), aged 9.5 and 13.5 years, judged an in-group member's decision to deviate from the norms of the group, whom to include, and whether their personal…
Descriptors: Social Behavior, Behavior Standards, Moral Values, Children
Ingram, Gordon P. D.; Bering, Jesse M. – Child Development, 2010
Tattling, defined as the reporting to a second party of norm violations committed by a third party, is a frequent but little-studied activity among young children. Participant observation and quantitative sampling are used to provide a detailed characterization of tattling in 2 preschools (initial mean age = 4.08 years, N = 40). In these…
Descriptors: Participant Observation, Young Children, Statistical Data, Preschool Education

Shweder, Richard A. – Child Development, 1990
The moral realism of everyday life is neither Piaget's childlike egocentrism nor Gabennesch's reification. Natural moral law is seen by Turiel, a cognitivist, as a code of harm, rights, and justice. Other cognitivists accept codes of duty and natural order. (BC)
Descriptors: Behavior Standards, Justice, Moral Development, Moral Values
Rutland, Adam; Cameron, Lindsey; Milne, Alan; McGeorge, Peter – Child Development, 2005
Two studies examined whether social norms and children's concern for self-presentation affect their intergroup attitudes. Study 1 examined racial intergroup attitudes and normative beliefs among children aged 6 to 16 years (n=155). Accountability (i.e., public self-focus) was experimentally manipulated, and intergroup attitudes were assessed using…
Descriptors: Behavior Standards, Childhood Attitudes, Racial Attitudes, Children

Gabennesch, Howard – Child Development, 1990
Some studies indicate that individuals recognize conventional norms as social contrivances; others, that individuals reify social formations as something other than social products. Questions about comparatively transparent rules and the use of simplistic questions for complex phenomena give an exaggerated portrayal of individuals' awareness of…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Standards, Children, Ethnocentrism

Sigelman, Carol K.; Waitzman, Kara A. – Child Development, 1991
Children of 5, 9, and 13 years of age were asked to allocate resources in hypothetical situations in which norms of equity, equality, or need were applicable. Young children were insensitive to the contextual information, whereas older children appropriately tailored their decisions to the situation. (BC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Behavior Standards, Context Effect, Elementary Education

Nisan, Mordecai – Child Development, 1984
First- and fifth-grade kibbutz and city children (320 in two studies) individually were requested to distribute rewards between themselves and a partner who had produced either more or less than the subject had. Fifth graders were also asked about the level of effort and merit displayed by themselves and their partners. (Author/RH).
Descriptors: Behavior Standards, Comparative Analysis, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students
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