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Xiuyuan Zhang; Brandon A. Carrillo; Ariana Christakis; Julia A. Leonard – Child Development, 2025
Learning takes time: Performance usually starts poorly and improves with practice. Do children intuit this basic phenomenon of skill learning? In preregistered Experiment 1 (n = 125; 54% female; 48% White; collected 2022-2023), US 7- to 8-year-old children predicted improved performance, 5- to 6-year-old children predicted flat performance, and…
Descriptors: Young Children, Child Development, Skill Development, Predictor Variables
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Beisert, Miriam; Daum, Moritz M. – Child Development, 2021
An inherent component of tool-use actions is the transformation of the user's operating movement into the desired effect. In this study, the relevance of this transformation for young children's learning of tool-use actions was investigated. Sixty-four children at the age of 27-30 months learned to use levers which either simply extended…
Descriptors: Young Children, Equipment, Task Analysis, Learning Processes
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Doherty, Martin J.; Wimmer, Marina C.; Gollek, Cornelia; Stone, Charlotte; Robinson, Elizabeth J. – Child Development, 2021
Jigsaw puzzles are ubiquitous developmental toys in Western societies, used here to examine the development of metarepresentation. For jigsaw puzzles this entails understanding that individual pieces, when assembled, produce a picture. In Experiment 1, 3- to 5-year-olds (N = 117) completed jigsaw puzzles that were normal, had no picture, or…
Descriptors: Puzzles, Metacognition, Cognitive Development, Young Children
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Kampis, Dora; Lukowski Duplessy, Helle; Askitis, Dimitrios; Southgate, Victoria – Child Development, 2023
People sometimes commit 'egocentric errors', failing to ignore their own perspective when interpreting others' communication. Training imitation-inhibition, when participants perform the opposite action from another person, facilitates subsequent perspective-taking in adults. This study tested whether imitation-inhibition training also facilitates…
Descriptors: Perspective Taking, Imitation, Inhibition, Self Concept
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Stefanie Peykarjou; Stefanie Hoehl; Sabina Pauen – Child Development, 2024
This study investigated the development of rapid visual object categorization. N = 20 adults (Experiment 1), N = 21 five to six-year-old children (Experiment 2), and N = 140 four-, seven-, and eleven-month-old infants (Experiment 3; all predominantly White, 81 females, data collected in 2013-2020) participated in a fast periodic visual stimulation…
Descriptors: Cues, Visual Perception, Child Development, Infants
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Cowan, Nelson – Child Development, 2021
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 4th ed. includes two measures of working memory normed on children 2;6-7;7. The present analyses of the typically developing children (N = 1,591, 812 female, 779 male, with an ethnic distribution approximating the United States) provide new, theoretically important information about these…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Intelligence Tests, Young Children, Short Term Memory
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Ghrear, Siba; Fung, Klint; Haddock, Taeh; Birch, Susan A. J. – Child Development, 2021
The ability to make inferences about what one's peers know is critical for social interaction and communication. Three experiments (n = 309) examined the curse of knowledge, the tendency to be biased by one's knowledge when reasoning about others' knowledge, in children's estimates of their peers' knowledge. Four- to 7-year-olds were taught the…
Descriptors: Prediction, Peer Relationship, Social Cognition, Interpersonal Competence
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Perone, Sammy; Plebanek, Daniel J.; Lorenz, Megan G.; Spencer, John P.; Samuelson, Larissa K. – Child Development, 2019
Executive function (EF) plays a foundational role in development. A brain-based model of EF development is probed for the experiences that strengthen EF in the dimensional change card sort task in which children sort cards by one rule and then are asked to switch to another. Three-year-olds perseverate on the first rule, failing the task, whereas…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Role, Child Development, Toddlers
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Plate, Rista C.; Fulvio, Jacqueline M.; Shutts, Kristin; Green, C. Shawn; Pollak, Seth D. – Child Development, 2018
Individuals track probabilities, such as associations between events in their environments, but less is known about the degree to which experience--within a learning session and over development--influences people's use of incoming probabilistic information to guide behavior in real time. In two experiments, children (4-11 years) and adults…
Descriptors: Child Development, Children, Young Children, Change Strategies
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Botting, Nicola; Jones, Anna; Marshall, Chloe; Denmark, Tanya; Atkinson, Joanna; Morgan, Gary – Child Development, 2017
Studies have suggested that language and executive function (EF) are strongly associated. Indeed, the two are difficult to separate, and it is particularly difficult to determine whether one skill is more dependent on the other. Deafness provides a unique opportunity to disentangle these skills because in this case, language difficulties have a…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Language Impairments, Language Tests, Task Analysis
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Elenbaas, Laura – Child Development, 2019
This study examined young children's contact with individuals of high-wealth and low-wealth backgrounds and their behavior toward peers of these backgrounds in a resource distribution task. The sample included 72 ethnically diverse higher income children (M[subscript age] = 6.68 years, SD = 0.98 years). Contact with individuals of low-wealth…
Descriptors: Advantaged, Family Income, Low Income, Peer Relationship
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Redshaw, Jonathan; Suddendorf, Thomas; Neldner, Karri; Wilks, Matti; Tomaselli, Keyan; Mushin, Ilana; Nielsen, Mark – Child Development, 2019
This study examined future-oriented behavior in children (3-6 years; N = 193) from three diverse societies--one industrialized Western city and two small, geographically isolated communities. Children had the opportunity to prepare for two alternative versions of an immediate future event over six trials. Some 3-year-olds from all cultures…
Descriptors: Futures (of Society), Toddlers, Young Children, Cultural Differences
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Fisher, Anna V.; Godwin, Karrie E.; Matlen, Bryan J.; Unger, Layla – Child Development, 2015
Category-based induction is a hallmark of mature cognition; however, little is known about its origins. This study evaluated the hypothesis that category-based induction is related to semantic development. Computational studies suggest that early on there is little differentiation among concepts, but learning and development lead to increased…
Descriptors: Semantics, Young Children, Individual Differences, Language Acquisition
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Rakoczy, Hannes; Bergfeld, Delia; Schwarz, Ina; Fizke, Ella – Child Development, 2015
Existing evidence suggests that children, when they first pass standard theory-of-mind tasks, still fail to understand the essential aspectuality of beliefs and other propositional attitudes: such attitudes refer to objects only under specific aspects. Oedipus, for example, believes Yocaste (his mother) is beautiful, but this does not imply that…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Beliefs, Young Children, Educational Experiments
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Gaither, Sarah E.; Chen, Eva E.; Corriveau, Kathleen H.; Harris, Paul L.; Ambady, Nalini; Sommers, Samuel R. – Child Development, 2014
Children prefer learning from, and affiliating with, their racial in-group but those preferences may vary for biracial children. Monoracial (White, Black, Asian) and biracial (Black/White, Asian/White) children (N = 246, 3-8 years) had their racial identity primed. In a learning preferences task, participants determined the function of a novel…
Descriptors: Multiracial Persons, Minority Group Children, Preferences, Racial Identification
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