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Blumenstyk, Goldie – Chronicle of Higher Education, 1988
In many of the 40 states where assessment is required by state law or policy, faculty members and administrators have shaped assessment programs so that colleges have the flexibility to use several kinds of measurements, not just tests. Some of the political controversy brought about by assessment requirements are described. (MLW)
Descriptors: Accountability, College Students, Educational Assessment, Higher Education
Gittelsohn, John E. – Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989
Reforming Japanese higher education will not be easy. Stagnant budgets, rigid seniority systems, and a conservative bureaucracy that fears losing control all stand in the way of change. A series of changes proposed by the former Prime Minister are discussed. (MLW)
Descriptors: Change Strategies, Creative Thinking, Educational Change, Educational Environment
