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Dawson, Colin; Gerken, LouAnn – Cognition, 2009
Learning must be constrained for it to lead to productive generalizations. Although biology is undoubtedly an important source of constraints, prior experience may be another, leading learners to represent input in ways that are more conducive to some generalizations than others, and/or to up- and down-weight features when entertaining…
Descriptors: Infants, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Stimuli
Schulz, Laura E.; Goodman, Noah D.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.; Jenkins, Adrianna C. – Cognition, 2008
Given minimal evidence about novel objects, children might learn only relationships among the specific entities, or they might make a more abstract inference, positing classes of entities and the relations that hold among those classes. Here we show that preschoolers (mean: 57 months) can use sparse data about perceptually unique objects to infer…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Preschool Children, Inferences, Abstract Reasoning
Dunabeitia, Jon Andoni; Aviles, Alberto; Afonso, Olivia; Scheepers, Christoph; Carreiras, Manuel – Cognition, 2009
In the present visual-world experiment, participants were presented with visual displays that included a target item that was a semantic associate of an abstract or a concrete word. This manipulation allowed us to test a basic prediction derived from the qualitatively different representational framework that supports the view of different…
Descriptors: Semantics, Vocabulary Development, Semiotics, Models
Amati, Daniele; Shallice, Tim – Cognition, 2007
The emergence of modern humans with their extraordinary cognitive capacities is ascribed to a novel type of cognitive computational process (sustained non-routine multi-level operations) required for abstract projectuality, held to be the common denominator of the cognitive capacities specific to modern humans. A brain operation (latching) that…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Brain, Computation, Abstract Reasoning
Papafragou, Anna; Cassidy, Kimberly; Gleitman, Lila – Cognition, 2007
Mental-content verbs such as "think," "believe," "imagine" and "hope" seem to pose special problems for the young language learner. One possible explanation for these difficulties is that the concepts that these verbs express are hard to grasp and therefore their acquisition must await relevant conceptual development. According to a different,…
Descriptors: Verbs, Learning Problems, Cues, Adult Learning
Zhu, Liqi; Gigerenzer, Gerd – Cognition, 2006
Can children reason the Bayesian way? We argue that the answer to this question depends on how numbers are represented, because a representation can do part of the computation. We test, for the first time, whether Bayesian reasoning can be elicited in children by means of natural frequencies. We show that when information was presented to fourth,…
Descriptors: Mental Computation, Probability, Bayesian Statistics, Intermediate Grades