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De Bruin, L. C.; Newen, A. – Cognition, 2012
The elicited-response false belief task has traditionally been considered as reliably indicating that children acquire an understanding of false belief around 4 years of age. However, recent investigations using spontaneous-response tasks suggest that false belief understanding emerges much earlier. This leads to a developmental paradox: if young…
Descriptors: Investigations, Preschool Children, Infants, Organizations (Groups)
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Fisher, Anna V. – Cognition, 2011
Is processing of conceptual information as robust as processing of perceptual information early in development? Existing empirical evidence is insufficient to answer this question. To examine this issue, 3- to 5-year-old children were presented with a flexible categorization task, in which target items (e.g., an open red umbrella) shared category…
Descriptors: Test Items, Classification, Preschool Children, Cognitive Processes
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Bugden, Stephanie; Ansari, Daniel – Cognition, 2011
In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the role played by basic numerical magnitude processing in the typical and atypical development of mathematical skills. In this context, tasks measuring both the intentional and automatic processing of numerical magnitude have been employed to characterize how children's representation and…
Descriptors: Models, Mathematics Achievement, Elementary School Students, Individual Differences
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Cohen, Adam S.; German, Tamsin C. – Cognition, 2010
In a task where participants' overt task was to track the location of an object across a sequence of events, reaction times to unpredictable probes requiring an inference about a social agent's beliefs about the location of that object were obtained. Reaction times to false belief situations were faster than responses about the (false) contents of…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Beliefs, Child Development, Brain
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Sobel, David M. – Cognition, 2009
Two experiments examined whether preschoolers' difficulties on tasks that required relating pretending and knowledge (e.g., Lillard, A. S. (1993a). "Young children's conceptualization of pretense: Action or mental representational state?" "Child Development, 64," 372-386) were due to children's inability to appreciate the causal mechanism behind…
Descriptors: Animals, Preschool Children, Child Development, Experiments
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Defeyter, Margaret A.; Hearing, Jill; German, Tamsin C. – Cognition, 2009
Two studies investigated the relative importance of information about intended design and current use on judgments about the function (Experiment 1) or category (Experiment 2) of novel artifacts in preschool children and adults. Adults assigned function and name on the basis of information about design across all conditions, while children's…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Classification, Child Development, Thinking Skills
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Liddle, Elizabeth B.; Scerif, Gaia; Hollis, Christopher P.; Batty, Martin J.; Groom, Madeleine J.; Liotti, Mario; Liddle, Peter F. – Cognition, 2009
The acquisition of volitional control depends, in part, on developing the ability to countermand a planned action. Many tasks have been used to tap the efficiency of this process, but few studies have investigated how it may be modulated by participants' motivation. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in the deliberate exercise of caution when…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Models, Motivation, Probability
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Simner, Julia; Haywood, Sarah L. – Cognition, 2009
For lexical-gustatory synaesthetes, words trigger automatic, associated food sensations (e.g., for JB, the word "slope" tastes of over-ripe melon). Our study tests two claims about this unusual condition: that synaesthetic tastes are associated with abstract levels of word representation (concepts/lemmas), and that the first tastes to crystallise…
Descriptors: Spelling, Stimuli, Word Recognition, Child Development
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Gelskov, Sofie V.; Kouider, Sid – Cognition, 2010
The ability to detect and focus on faces is a fundamental prerequisite for developing social skills. But how well can infants detect faces? Here, we address this question by studying the minimum duration at which faces must appear to trigger a behavioral response in infants. We used a preferential looking method in conjunction with masking and…
Descriptors: Infants, Developmental Stages, Interpersonal Competence, Time Factors (Learning)
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Rhemtulla, Mijke; Hall, D. Geoffrey – Cognition, 2009
Children's toys provide a rich arena for investigating conceptual flexibility, because they often can be understood as possessing an individual identity at multiple levels of abstraction. For example, many dolls (e.g., Winnie-the-Pooh) and action figures (e.g., Batman) can be construed either as characters from a fictional world or as physical…
Descriptors: Young Children, Play, Child Development, Experiments
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Rakoczy, Hannes; Tomasello, Michael – Cognition, 2009
Young children use and comprehend different kinds of speech acts from the beginning of their communicative development. But it is not clear how they understand the conventional and normative structure of such speech acts. In particular, imperative speech acts have a world-to-word direction of fit, such that their fulfillment means that the world…
Descriptors: Speech Acts, Young Children, Age Differences, Cognitive Development
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Corriveau, Kathleen H.; Kim, Angie L.; Schwalen, Courtney E.; Harris, Paul L. – Cognition, 2009
Based on the testimony of others, children learn about a variety of figures that they never meet. We ask when and how they are able to differentiate between the historical figures that they learn about (e.g., Abraham Lincoln) and fantasy characters (e.g., Harry Potter). Experiment 1 showed that both younger (3- and 4-year-olds) and older children…
Descriptors: Fantasy, History, Young Children, Child Development
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Frank, Michael C.; Vul, Edward; Johnson, Scott P. – Cognition, 2009
In simple tests of preference, infants as young as newborns prefer faces and face-like stimuli over distractors. Little is known, however, about the development of attention to faces in complex scenes. We recorded eye-movements of 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old infants and adults during free-viewing of clips from "A Charlie Brown Christmas" (an animated…
Descriptors: Neonates, Social Development, Films, Human Body
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Arnold, Jennifer E.; Bennetto, Loisa; Diehl, Joshua J. – Cognition, 2009
We examine the referential choices (pronouns/zeros vs. names/descriptions) made during a narrative by high-functioning children and adolescents with autism and a well-matched typically developing control group. The process of choosing appropriate referring expressions has been proposed to depend on two areas of cognitive functioning: (a) judging…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Autism, Memory, Interpersonal Communication
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Pulverman, Rachel; Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy; Buresh, Jennifer Sootsman – Cognition, 2008
Do 14- to 17-month-olds notice the paths and manners of motion events? English- and Spanish-learning infants were habituated to an animated motion event including a manner (e.g., spinning) and a path (e.g., over). They were then tested on four types of events that changed either the manner, the path, both, or neither component. Both English- and…
Descriptors: Infants, Motion, Language Acquisition, English
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