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Juhos, Csongor; Quelhas, Ana Cristina; Johnson-Laird, P. N. – Cognition, 2012
The mental model theory postulates that the meanings of assertions, and knowledge about their context can "modulate" the logical meaning of sentential connectives, such as "if" and "or". One known effect of modulation is to block the representation of possibilities to which a proposition refers. But, modulation should also add relational…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Inferences, Models, Theories
Piantadosi, Steven T.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.; Goodman, Noah D. – Cognition, 2012
In acquiring number words, children exhibit a qualitative leap in which they transition from understanding a few number words, to possessing a rich system of interrelated numerical concepts. We present a computational framework for understanding this inductive leap as the consequence of statistical inference over a sufficiently powerful…
Descriptors: Statistical Inference, Number Concepts, Models, Computation
Dawson, Colin; Gerken, LouAnn – Cognition, 2011
While many constraints on learning must be relatively experience-independent, past experience provides a rich source of guidance for subsequent learning. Discovering structure in some domain can inform a learner's future hypotheses about that domain. If a general property accounts for particular sub-patterns, a rational learner should not…
Descriptors: Evidence, Intervals, Logical Thinking, Auditory Stimuli
Varma, Sashank; Schwartz, Daniel L. – Cognition, 2011
Mathematics has a level of structure that transcends untutored intuition. What is the cognitive representation of abstract mathematical concepts that makes them meaningful? We consider this question in the context of the integers, which extend the natural numbers with zero and negative numbers. Participants made greater and lesser judgments of…
Descriptors: Numbers, Logical Thinking, Number Concepts, Learning
Kemp, Charles; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.; Niyogi, Sourabh; Griffiths, Thomas L. – Cognition, 2010
Concept learning is challenging in part because the meanings of many concepts depend on their relationships to other concepts. Learning these concepts in isolation can be difficult, but we present a model that discovers entire systems of related concepts. These systems can be viewed as simple theories that specify the concepts that exist in a…
Descriptors: Family Relationship, Logical Thinking, Models, Concept Formation
Green, Adam E.; Fugelsang, Jonathan A.; Kraemer, David J. M.; Dunbar, Kevin N. – Cognition, 2008
Here, we investigate how activation of mental representations of categories during analogical reasoning influences subsequent cognitive processing. Specifically, we present and test the central predictions of the "Micro-Category" account of analogy. This account emphasizes the role of categories in aligning terms for analogical mapping. In a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Semantics, Logical Thinking, Semiotics
Wilburn, Catherine; Feeney, Aidan – Cognition, 2008
In a recently published study, Sloutsky and Fisher [Sloutsky, V. M., & Fisher, A.V. (2004a). When development and learning decrease memory: Evidence against category-based induction in children. "Psychological Science", 15, 553-558; Sloutsky, V. M., & Fisher, A. V. (2004b). Induction and categorization in young children: A similarity-based model.…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Logical Thinking, Classification, Experimental Psychology

Cohen, L. Jonathan – Cognition, 1980
Kahneman and Tversky's critique of Cohen's position on adults' probability reasoning is not valid. If they think Baconian logic is normatively unsound, the onus is on them to explain why. It is valid and useful because nature itself is full of causal processes. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Deduction, Hypothesis Testing, Logical Thinking
Van der Henst, Jean-Baptiste; Schaeken, Walter – Cognition, 2005
Literature on relational reasoning mainly focuses on the performance question. It is typically argued that problem difficulty relies on the number of ''mental models'' compatible with the problem. However, no study has ever investigated the wording of conclusions that participants formulate. In the present work, we analyze the relational terms…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Logical Thinking, Abstract Reasoning, Spatial Ability

Osherson, Daniel N. – Cognition, 1978
Human infants are predisposed to organize their experience in terms of certain concepts (natural) and not others (unnatural). Three formal, necessary conditions on the naturalness of concepts are offered. The conditions attempt to link the problem of naturalness to principled distinctions between sense vs nonsense, simplicity vs complexity, and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Fundamental Concepts
Albright, Adam; Hayes, Bruce – Cognition, 2003
Are morphological patterns learned in the form of rules? Some models deny this, attributing all morphology to analogical mechanisms. The dual mechanism model (Pinker, S., & Prince, A. (1998). On language and connectionism: analysis of a parallel distributed processing model of language acquisition. "Cognition," 28, 73-193) posits that speakers do…
Descriptors: Morphemes, English, Language Acquisition, Morphology (Languages)

Chan, David; Chua, Fookkee – Cognition, 1994
Argues that the syntactic and mental model accounts of the suppression effect in deductive reasoning are inadequate. Proposes a relative salience model. Describes a test of predictions from this model in a suppression model, which obtained evidence of convergent validity for the salience construct. Results could not be reconciled with either the…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Context Clues, Deduction