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Pincham, Hannah L.; Szucs, Denes – Cognition, 2012
Subitizing is traditionally described as the rapid, preattentive and automatic enumeration of up to four items. Counting, by contrast, describes the enumeration of larger sets of items and requires slower serial shifts of attention. Although recent research has called into question the preattentive nature of subitizing, whether or not numerosities…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Attention, Computation, Visual Stimuli
Chen, Jenn-Yeu; Li, Cheng-Yi – Cognition, 2011
The process of word form encoding was investigated in primed word naming and word typing with Chinese monosyllabic words. The target words shared or did not share the onset consonants with the prime words. The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was 100 ms or 300 ms. Typing required the participants to enter the phonetic letters of the target word,…
Descriptors: Priming, Syllables, Word Recognition, Chinese
Mossbridge, Julia A.; Grabowecky, Marcia; Suzuki, Satoru – Cognition, 2011
How do the characteristics of sounds influence the allocation of visual-spatial attention? Natural sounds typically change in frequency. Here we demonstrate that the direction of frequency change guides visual-spatial attention more strongly than the average or ending frequency, and provide evidence suggesting that this cross-modal effect may be…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Spatial Ability, Auditory Stimuli, Associative Learning
Atance, Cristina M.; Bernstein, Daniel M.; Meltzoff, Andrew N. – Cognition, 2010
We examined 240 children's (3.5-, 4.5-, and 5.5-year-olds) latency to respond to questions on a battery of false-belief tasks. Response latencies exhibited a significant cross-over interaction as a function of age and response type (correct vs. incorrect). 3.5-year-olds' "in"correct latencies were faster than their correct latencies, whereas the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Development, Evaluation Methods
Kamienkowski, Juan E.; Pashler, Harold; Dehaene, Stanislas; Sigman, Mariano – Cognition, 2011
Does extensive practice reduce or eliminate central interference in dual-task processing? We explored the reorganization of task architecture with practice by combining interference analysis (delays in dual-task experiment) and random-walk models of decision making (measuring the decision and non-decision contributions to RT). The main delay…
Descriptors: Architecture, Reaction Time, Teacher Collaboration, Attention Control
Cohen, Adam S.; German, Tamsin C. – Cognition, 2010
In a task where participants' overt task was to track the location of an object across a sequence of events, reaction times to unpredictable probes requiring an inference about a social agent's beliefs about the location of that object were obtained. Reaction times to false belief situations were faster than responses about the (false) contents of…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Beliefs, Child Development, Brain
Chapman, Craig S.; Gallivan, Jason P.; Wood, Daniel K.; Milne, Jennifer L.; Culham, Jody C.; Goodale, Melvyn A. – Cognition, 2010
Decision-making is central to human cognition. Fundamental to every decision is the ability to internally represent the available choices and their relative costs and benefits. The most basic and frequent decisions we make occur as our motor system chooses and executes only those actions that achieve our current goals. Although these interactions…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Probability, Reaction Time, Decision Making
Scherbaum, Stefan; Dshemuchadse, Maja; Fischer, Rico; Goschke, Thomas – Cognition, 2010
To study the process of decision-making under conflict, researchers typically analyze response latency and accuracy. However, these tools provide little evidence regarding how the resolution of conflict unfolds over time. Here, we analyzed the trajectories of mouse movements while participants performed a continuous version of a spatial conflict…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Conflict, Multiple Regression Analysis, Conflict Resolution
Back, Elisa; Apperly, Ian A. – Cognition, 2010
A recent study by Apperly et al. (2006) found evidence that adults do not automatically infer false beliefs while watching videos that afford such inferences. This method was extended to examine true beliefs, which are sometimes thought to be ascribed by "default" (e.g., Leslie & Thaiss, 1992). Sequences of pictures were presented in which the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Personality, Inferences, Cognitive Development
Liddle, Elizabeth B.; Scerif, Gaia; Hollis, Christopher P.; Batty, Martin J.; Groom, Madeleine J.; Liotti, Mario; Liddle, Peter F. – Cognition, 2009
The acquisition of volitional control depends, in part, on developing the ability to countermand a planned action. Many tasks have been used to tap the efficiency of this process, but few studies have investigated how it may be modulated by participants' motivation. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in the deliberate exercise of caution when…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Models, Motivation, Probability
Bub, Daniel N.; Masson, Michael E. J.; Cree, George S. – Cognition, 2008
We distinguish between grasping gestures associated with using an object for its intended purpose (functional) and those used to pick up an object (volumetric) and we develop a novel experimental framework to show that both kinds of knowledge are automatically evoked by objects and by words denoting those objects. Cued gestures were carried out in…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Task Analysis, Cognitive Processes, Cues
Camos, Valerie; Tillmann, Barbara – Cognition, 2008
The seeking of discontinuity in enumeration was recently renewed because Cowan [Cowan, N. (2001). "The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity." "Behavioral and Brain Sciences," 24, 87-185; Cowan, N. (2005). "Working memory capacity." Hove: Psychology Press] suggested that it allows evaluating the limit…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Auditory Stimuli
Roberson, Debi; Pak, Hyensou; Hanley, J. Richard – Cognition, 2008
In this study we demonstrate that Korean (but not English) speakers show Categorical perception (CP) on a visual search task for a boundary between two Korean colour categories that is not marked in English. These effects were observed regardless of whether target items were presented to the left or right visual field. Because this boundary is…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Color, Korean, Task Analysis
Ridderikhoff, Arne; Peper, C. E.; Beek, Peter J. – Cognition, 2008
Studies of rhythmic bimanual coordination under dual-task conditions revealed (1) a dependence of secondary task performance on the stability of coordinative tasks, in that secondary task performance was better during in-phase than antiphase coordination, and (2) a shift in the mean relative phasing between the limbs compared to single-task…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Reaction Time, Program Effectiveness, Language Processing
Morrison, India; Poliakoff, Ellen; Gordon, Lucy; Downing, Paul – Cognition, 2007
How does seeing a painful event happening to someone else influence the observer's own motor system? To address this question, we measured simple reaction times following videos showing noxious or innocuous implements contacting corporeal or noncorporeal objects. Key releases in a go/nogo task were speeded, and key presses slowed, after subjects…
Descriptors: Observation, Psychomotor Skills, Pain, Reaction Time
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