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Mahajan, Neha; Wynn, Karen – Cognition, 2012
A central feature of human psychology is our pervasive tendency to divide the social world into "us" and "them". We prefer to associate with those who are similar to us over those who are different, preferentially allocate resources to similar others, and hold more positive beliefs about similar others. Here we investigate the developmental…
Descriptors: Infants, Interpersonal Attraction, Values, Cultural Influences
Germine, Laura T.; Duchaine, Bradley; Nakayama, Ken – Cognition, 2011
Research on age-related cognitive change traditionally focuses on either development or aging, where development ends with adulthood and aging begins around 55 years. This approach ignores age-related changes during the 35 years in-between, implying that this period is uninformative. Here we investigated face recognition as an ability that may…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Cognitive Development, Visual Perception, Aging (Individuals)
Hollingworth, Andrew; Franconeri, Steven L. – Cognition, 2009
The "correspondence problem" is a classic issue in vision and cognition. Frequent perceptual disruptions, such as saccades and brief occlusion, create gaps in perceptual input. How does the visual system establish correspondence between objects visible before and after the disruption? Current theories hold that object correspondence is established…
Descriptors: Cues, Cognitive Development, Spatial Ability, Correlation
Crookes, Kate; McKone, Elinor – Cognition, 2009
Historically, it was believed the perceptual mechanisms involved in individuating faces developed only very slowly over the course of childhood, and that adult levels of expertise were not reached until well into adolescence. Over the last 10 years, there has been some erosion of this view by demonstrations that all adult-like behavioural…
Descriptors: Maturity (Individuals), Children, Visual Perception, Novels

Gelman, Susan A.; Ebeling, Karen S. – Cognition, 1998
Two studies examined the hypothesis that children rely on name representations, often indexed by shape, in their semantic representations. Results suggest that, although shape plays an important role in children's early naming, other factors are also important, including the mental state of the picture's creator (whether intentional or not).…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Intention, Preschool Children, Semantics

DeLoache, Judy S.; Burns, Nancy M. – Cognition, 1994
Twenty-four- and 30-month-old children were presented with a picture that showed the location of a hidden toy and were then asked to find the toy. The 30-month olds, but not the 24-month-olds, were successful in retrieving the toy. Concludes that 24-month olds did not interpret the pictures as representations of reality. (BC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Object Permanence, Pictorial Stimuli

Wilcox, Teresa – Cognition, 1999
Four experiments examined the perceptual features used by 4.5- to 11.5-month olds to individuate objects involved in occlusion events. Results indicated that 4.5-month olds used shape and size features to individuate objects in occlusion events. By 7.5 months, infants used pattern, and by 11.5 months, they used color to reason about object…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Color, Infants, Pattern Recognition

Gerstadt, Cherie L.; And Others – Cognition, 1994
Tested 160 children on a Stroop-like day-night test that involved 2 rules. Also tested for whether remembering two rules alone was sufficient to cause difficulty. Concludes that the requirement to learn and remember two rules is not in itself sufficient to account for the poor performance of younger children (under five) in the experiment. (DR)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Color, Elementary School Students, Performance Factors

Chiang, Wen-Chi; Wynn, Karen – Cognition, 2000
Four experiments examined 8-month-olds' ability to reason about collections of objects. Findings suggested that infants' expectations about object behavior do not automatically apply to any and all portions of matter within the visual field. The behavior of an entity and infants' prior experience played roles in determining whether infants will…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Expectation, Infant Behavior, Infants

Slaughter, Virginia; Heron, Michelle; Sim, Susan – Cognition, 2002
Two studies investigated development of infants' visual preferences for the human body shape. Results indicated that 18-month-olds had a reliable preference for scrambled body shapes over typical body shapes in line drawings, while 12- and 15-month-olds did not respond differentially. In condition using photographs, only 18-month-olds had reliable…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Cross Sectional Studies, Human Body
Kaldy, Zsuzsa; Leslie, Alan M. – Cognition, 2005
Infants' abilities to identify objects based on their perceptual features develop gradually during the first year and possibly beyond. Earlier we reported [Kaldy, Z., & Leslie, A. M. (2003). Identification of objects in 9-month-old infants: Integrating "what" and "where" information. Developmental Science, 6, 360-373] that infants at 9 months of…
Descriptors: Memory, Identification, Object Permanence, Infant Behavior

Hermer, Linda; Spelke, Elizabeth – Cognition, 1996
Investigated the development of reorientation abilities in humans in contrast to other mammals. Findings support the domain specificity of human's core cognitive abilities, the conservation of cognitive abilities across related species and over the course of human development, and the developmental processes by which core abilities are extended to…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes
Brannon, Elizabeth M.; Abbott, Sara; Lutz, Donna J. – Cognition, 2004
This brief report attempts to resolve the claim that infants preferentially attend to continuous variables over number [e.g. Psychol. Sci. 10 (1999) 408; Cognit. Psychol.44 (2002) 33] with the finding that when continuous variables are controlled, infants as young as 6-months of age discriminate large numerical values [e.g. Psychol. Sci. 14 (2003)…
Descriptors: Number Concepts, Numbers, Infants, Discrimination Learning