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Peskin, Joan; Ellenbogen, Beverly – Cognition and Instruction, 2019
To identify expert poets' cognitive processes as they compose poetry, we asked 10 expert poets and 10 novice writers of poetry to think aloud as they composed a poem. Compared to the novices, expert poets revealed an associative playfulness and surrendering of consciousness, similar to that shown in research on general creativity in domains such…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Poetry, Protocol Analysis, Expertise
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Marczyk, Agnieszka Aya; Jay, Lightning; Reisman, Abby – Cognition and Instruction, 2022
Engaging historiography and interpreting secondary sources represent essential elements of historians' work that have been largely ignored in favor of primary source reading in high school history classrooms in the United States. To understand whether and how students apply their historical reasoning skills to secondary sources, we asked…
Descriptors: Historiography, History Instruction, High School Students, Student Attitudes
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Smith, Mark; Breakstone, Joel; Wineburg, Sam – Cognition and Instruction, 2019
This article reports a validity study of History Assessments of Thinking (HATs), which are short, constructed-response assessments of historical thinking. In particular, this study focuses on aspects of cognitive validity, which is an examination of whether assessments tap the intended constructs. Think-aloud interviews with 26 high school…
Descriptors: History, History Instruction, Thinking Skills, Multiple Choice Tests
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Jay, Lightning – Cognition and Instruction, 2021
After three decades of scholarship describing why and how students ought to be taught to think historically, this study asks what happens when they are. Ten high school students from a school that incorporated historical thinking into all history coursework repeated the think-aloud task from Wineburg's 1991 study of the cognitive processes…
Descriptors: History Instruction, Teaching Methods, Thinking Skills, Protocol Analysis