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Direct linkSmith, Mark; Breakstone, Joel; Wineburg, Sam – Cognition and Instruction, 2019
This article reports a validity study of History Assessments of Thinking (HATs), which are short, constructed-response assessments of historical thinking. In particular, this study focuses on aspects of cognitive validity, which is an examination of whether assessments tap the intended constructs. Think-aloud interviews with 26 high school…
Descriptors: History, History Instruction, Thinking Skills, Multiple Choice Tests
Shreiner, Tamara L. – Cognition and Instruction, 2014
People often justify history's place in the curriculum by its relationship to citizenship, yet there is little research to help educators picture how people use historical knowledge for civic purposes. This expert-novice study used the think-aloud method to examine how eight political scientists and eight high school students employed…
Descriptors: History, Political Issues, Protocol Analysis, Expertise
