Investigated strategies used by preschoolers to accomplish a repeatedly requested practical task. Participants satisfied customer requests for vegetables in a play store, with the number of moves and strategy type recorded and coded. Arithmetic pre- and posttests were also administered. Found that with repeated exposure, the children became…

Five experiments examined three-year olds' ability to complete a false belief task that was manipulated in terms of their grasp of the narrative base. Children who failed a traditional task succeeded if they narrated the book version back to the experimenter. The results suggest that the structure of three-year olds' event memories is central to…

Two studies examined associations between theory of mind performance and counterfactual thinking using both antecedent and consequent counterfactual tasks. Moreover, the studies examined children's abilities to generate different types of counterfactual statements in terms of direction and structure. Participants were 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old…