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Weisberg, Deena Skolnick; Sobel, David M. – Cognitive Development, 2012
Can young children discriminate impossible events, which cannot happen in reality, from improbable events, which are unfamiliar but could possibly happen in reality? When asked explicitly to categorize these types of events, 4-year-olds (N = 54) tended to report that improbable events were impossible, consistent with prior results (Shtulman &…
Descriptors: Young Children, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Development, Classification
Frick, Andrea; Newcombe, Nora S. – Cognitive Development, 2012
Spatial scaling is an integral aspect of many spatial tasks that involve symbol-to-referent correspondences (e.g., map reading, drawing). In this study, we asked 3-6-year-olds and adults to locate objects in a two-dimensional spatial layout using information from a second spatial representation (map). We examined how scaling factor and reference…
Descriptors: Scaling, Spatial Ability, Toddlers, Young Children
Tek, Saime; Jaffery, Gul; Swensen, Lauren; Fein, Deborah; Naigles, Letitia R. – Cognitive Development, 2012
Previous research has demonstrated that visual properties of objects can affect shape-based categorization in a novel-name extension task; however, we still do not know how a relationship between visual properties of objects affects judgments in a novel-name extension task. We examined effects of increased visual similarity among the target and…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Cognitive Development, Visual Stimuli, Adults
Sera, Maria D.; Gordon Millett, Katherine – Cognitive Development, 2011
Considerable evidence indicates that shape similarity plays a major role in object recognition, identification and categorization. However, little is known about shape processing and its development. Across four experiments, we addressed two related questions. First, what makes objects similar in shape? Second, how does the processing of shape…
Descriptors: Infants, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Role
Wang, Fei; Zhu, Liqi; Shi, Kan – Cognitive Development, 2011
We investigated how 3-7-year-olds weigh and coordinate information about specific mental states with social norms in the domain of contextually conventional rules. With increasing age, participants increasingly took into account an actor's mental state to predict that actor's behavior. In a criticism judgment task, 7-year-olds could assign…
Descriptors: Criticism, Norms, Cognitive Development, Behavior Standards
Freitag, Claudia; Schwarzer, Gudrun – Cognitive Development, 2011
Three experiments examined 3- and 5-year-olds' recognition of faces in constant and varied emotional expressions. Children were asked to identify repeatedly presented target faces, distinguishing them from distractor faces, during an immediate recognition test and during delayed assessments after 10 min and one week. Emotional facial expression…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Nonverbal Communication, Psychological Patterns, Young Children
Robinson, Elizabeth J.; Nurmsoo, Erika – Cognitive Development, 2009
Children do not necessarily disbelieve a speaker with a history of inaccuracy; they take into account reasons for errors. Three- to five-year-olds (N = 97) aimed to identify a hidden target in collaboration with a puppet. The puppet's history of inaccuracy arose either from false beliefs or occurred despite his being fully informed. On a…
Descriptors: Puppetry, Cognitive Development, Young Children, Thinking Skills
Russell, James; Cheke, Lucy G.; Clayton, Nicola S.; Meltzoff, Andrew N. – Cognitive Development, 2011
We analyze theoretical differences between conceptualist and minimalist approaches to episodic processing in young children. The "episodic-like" minimalism of Clayton and Dickinson (1998) is a species of the latter. We asked whether an "episodic-like" task (structurally similar to ones used by Clayton and Dickinson) in which participants had to…
Descriptors: Young Children, Internet, Child Development, Experiments
Over, Harriet; Gattis, Merideth – Cognitive Development, 2010
Using an elicited imitation paradigm, we investigated whether young children imitate the communicative intentions behind speech. Previous research using elicited imitation has shown that children tend to correct ungrammatical sentences. This finding is usually interpreted as evidence that children, like adults, remember and reproduce the gist of…
Descriptors: Sentences, Imitation, Intention, Language Processing
Aureli, Tiziana; Perucchini, Paola; Genco, Maria – Cognitive Development, 2009
Two tasks were administered to 40 children aged from 16 to 20 months (mean age = 18;1), to evaluate children's understanding of declarative and informative intention [Behne, T., Carpenter, M., & Tomasello, M. (2005). One-year-olds comprehend the communicative intentions behind gestures in a hiding game. "Developmental Science", 8, 492-499;…
Descriptors: Comprehension, Nonverbal Communication, Intention, Cognitive Ability
Meunier, Benjamin; Cordier, Francoise – Cognitive Development, 2009
The present study investigated the role of the causal status of features and feature type in biological categorizations by young children. Study 1 showed that 5-year-olds are more strongly influenced by causal features than effect features; 4-year-olds exhibit no such tendency. There therefore appears to be a conceptual change between the ages of…
Descriptors: Classification, Biology, Developmental Stages, Young Children
Andrews, Glenda; Halford, Graeme S.; Murphy, Karen; Knox, Kathy – Cognitive Development, 2009
Young children's integration of weight and distance information was examined using a new methodology that combines a single-armed apparatus with functional measurement. Weight and distance values were varied factorially across the item set. Children estimated how far the beam would tilt when different numbers of weights were placed at different…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Measurement, Thinking Skills, Developmental Stages
Gao, Shan; Wei, Yonggang; Bai, Junjie; Lin, Chongde; Li, Hong – Cognitive Development, 2009
This research investigated the development of affective decision-making (ADM) during early childhood, in particular role of difficulty in learning a gain/loss schedule. In Experiment 1, we administrated the Children's Gambling Task (CGT) to 60 Chinese children aged 3 and 4, replicating the results obtained by Kerr and Zelazo [Kerr, A., & Zelazo,…
Descriptors: Young Children, Older Adults, Cognitive Development, Task Analysis
Reese, Elaine; Jack, Fiona; White, Naomi – Cognitive Development, 2010
Adolescents (N = 46; M = 12.46 years) who had previously participated in a longitudinal study of autobiographical memory development narrated their early childhood memories, interpreted life events, and completed a family history questionnaire and language assessment. Three distinct components of adolescent memory emerged: (1) age of earliest…
Descriptors: Young Children, Adolescents, Memory, Longitudinal Studies
Halford, Graeme S.; Bunch, Katie; McCredden, J. E. – Cognitive Development, 2007
According to cognitive complexity and control (CCC) theory complexity depends on number of levels of a hierarchy of rules. According to relational complexity (RC) theory complexity is a function of the number of related variables in the task, and the most difficult tasks are those in which there is a constraint on decomposition into simpler…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Epistemology, Young Children, Difficulty Level