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Alicia M. Chen; Andrew Palacci; Natalia Vélez; Robert D. Hawkins; Samuel J. Gershman – Cognitive Science, 2024
How do teachers learn about what learners already know? How do learners aid teachers by providing them with information about their background knowledge and what they find confusing? We formalize this collaborative reasoning process using a hierarchical Bayesian model of pedagogy. We then evaluate this model in two online behavioral experiments (N…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Models, Teaching Methods, Evaluation
Tanja C. Roembke; Bob McMurray – Cognitive Science, 2025
Computational and animal models suggest that the unlearning or pruning of incorrect meanings matters for word learning. However, it is currently unclear how such pruning occurs during word learning and to what extent it depends on supervised and unsupervised learning. In two experiments (N[subscript 1] = 40; N[subscript 2] = 42), adult…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Computation, Models, Accuracy
Aditya Upadhyayula; Neil Cohn – Cognitive Science, 2025
Theories of visual narrative comprehension have advocated for a hierarchical grammar-based comprehension mechanism, but only limited work has investigated this hierarchy. Here, we provide a computational framework inspired by computational psycholinguistics to address hierarchy in visual narratives. The predictions generated by this framework were…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Comprehension, Vertical Organization, Story Grammar
Sam Kirkham – Cognitive Science, 2025
A fundamental challenge in the cognitive sciences is discovering the dynamics that govern behavior. Take the example of spoken language, which is characterized by a highly variable and complex set of physical movements that map onto the small set of cognitive units that comprise language. What are the fundamental dynamical principles behind the…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Interpersonal Communication, Nonverbal Communication, Cognitive Science
Valentina Gliozzi – Cognitive Science, 2024
We propose a simple computational model that describes potential mechanisms underlying the organization and development of the lexical-semantic system in 18-month-old infants. We focus on two independent aspects: (i) on potential mechanisms underlying the development of taxonomic and associative priming, and (ii) on potential mechanisms underlying…
Descriptors: Infants, Computation, Models, Cognitive Development
John Hollander; Andrew Olney – Cognitive Science, 2024
Recent investigations on how people derive meaning from language have focused on task-dependent shifts between two cognitive systems. The symbolic (amodal) system represents meaning as the statistical relationships between words. The embodied (modal) system represents meaning through neurocognitive simulation of perceptual or sensorimotor systems…
Descriptors: Verbs, Symbolic Language, Language Processing, Semantics
Eva Portelance; Michael C. Frank; Dan Jurafsky – Cognitive Science, 2024
Interpreting a seemingly simple function word like "or," "behind," or "more" can require logical, numerical, and relational reasoning. How are such words learned by children? Prior acquisition theories have often relied on positing a foundation of innate knowledge. Yet recent neural-network-based visual question…
Descriptors: Vocabulary, Grammar, Visual Aids, Language Acquisition
Jamie Amemiya; Gail D. Heyman; Caren M. Walker – Cognitive Science, 2024
How do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what "actually" happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined),…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Evaluative Thinking, Logical Thinking, Social Problems
Aislinn Keogh; Simon Kirby; Jennifer Culbertson – Cognitive Science, 2024
General principles of human cognition can help to explain why languages are more likely to have certain characteristics than others: structures that are difficult to process or produce will tend to be lost over time. One aspect of cognition that is implicated in language use is working memory--the component of short-term memory used for temporary…
Descriptors: Language Variation, Learning Processes, Short Term Memory, Schemata (Cognition)
Masato Nakamura; Shota Momma; Hiromu Sakai; Colin Phillips – Cognitive Science, 2024
Comprehenders generate expectations about upcoming lexical items in language processing using various types of contextual information. However, a number of studies have shown that argument roles do not impact neural and behavioral prediction measures. Despite these robust findings, some prior studies have suggested that lexical prediction might be…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Nouns, Language Processing, Verbs