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Löhr, Guido; Michel, Christian – Cognitive Science, 2022
We propose a cognitive-psychological model of linguistic intuitions about copredication statements. In copredication statements, like "The book is heavy and informative," the nominal denotes two ontologically distinct entities at the same time. This has been considered a problem for standard truth-conditional semantics. In this paper, we…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Intuition, Decision Making, Ethics
Rogers, Timothy T.; McClelland, James L. – Cognitive Science, 2014
This paper introduces a special issue of "Cognitive Science" initiated on the 25th anniversary of the publication of "Parallel Distributed Processing" (PDP), a two-volume work that introduced the use of neural network models as vehicles for understanding cognition. The collection surveys the core commitments of the PDP…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Models, Cognitive Science
Pearl, Judea – Cognitive Science, 2013
Recent advances in causal reasoning have given rise to a computational model that emulates the process by which humans generate, evaluate, and distinguish counterfactual sentences. Contrasted with the "possible worlds" account of counterfactuals, this "structural" model enjoys the advantages of representational economy,…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Cognitive Science, Sentences, Inferences
Sloman, Steven A. – Cognitive Science, 2013
Judea Pearl won the 2010 Rumelhart Prize in computational cognitive science due to his seminal contributions to the development of Bayes nets and causal Bayes nets, frameworks that are central to multiple domains of the computational study of mind. At the heart of the causal Bayes nets formalism is the notion of a counterfactual, a representation…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Cognitive Processes
Cooke, Nancy J.; Gorman, Jamie C.; Myers, Christopher W.; Duran, Jasmine L. – Cognitive Science, 2013
Cognition in work teams has been predominantly understood and explained in terms of shared cognition with a focus on the similarity of static knowledge structures across individual team members. Inspired by the current zeitgeist in cognitive science, as well as by empirical data and pragmatic concerns, we offer an alternative theory of team…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Group Dynamics, Epistemology, Communication (Thought Transfer)
Yoshida, Katherine; Rhemtulla, Mijke; Vouloumanos, Athena – Cognitive Science, 2012
The roles of linguistic, cognitive, and social-pragmatic processes in word learning are well established. If statistical mechanisms also contribute to word learning, they must interact with these processes; however, there exists little evidence for such mechanistic synergy. Adults use co-occurrence statistics to encode speech-object pairings with…
Descriptors: Evidence, Infants, Reading Difficulties, Cognitive Processes
McCloy, Rachel; Beaman, C. Philip; Smith, Philip T. – Cognitive Science, 2008
The utility of an "ecologically rational" recognition-based decision rule in multichoice decision problems is analyzed, varying the type of judgment required (greater or lesser). The maximum size and range of a counterintuitive advantage associated with recognition-based judgment (the "less-is-more effect") is identified for a range of cue…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Cues, Validity, Recognition (Psychology)
Cooper, Richard P. – Cognitive Science, 2007
It has been suggested that the enterprise of developing mechanistic theories of the human cognitive architecture is flawed because the theories produced are not directly falsifiable. Newell attempted to sidestep this criticism by arguing for a Lakatosian model of scientific progress in which cognitive architectures should be understood as theories…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Cognitive Processes, Models, Scientific Concepts
Chater, Nick; Brown, Gordon D. A. – Cognitive Science, 2008
The remarkable successes of the physical sciences have been built on highly general quantitative laws, which serve as the basis for understanding an enormous variety of specific physical systems. How far is it possible to construct universal principles in the cognitive sciences, in terms of which specific aspects of perception, memory, or decision…
Descriptors: Sciences, Scientific Principles, Models, Memory
Smolensky, Paul – Cognitive Science, 2006
In this article, I survey the integrated connectionist/symbolic (ICS) cognitive architecture in which higher cognition must be formally characterized on two levels of description. At the microlevel, parallel distributed processing (PDP) characterizes mental processing; this PDP system has special organization in virtue of which it can be…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Computation, Research Projects, Theories
Lacroix, Joyca P. W.; Murre, Jaap M. J.; Postma, Eric O.; van den Herik, H. Jaap – Cognitive Science, 2006
The natural input memory (NAM) model is a new model for recognition memory that operates on natural visual input. A biologically informed perceptual preprocessing method takes local samples (eye fixations) from a natural image and translates these into a feature-vector representation. During recognition, the model compares incoming preprocessed…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Models, Visual Perception, Eye Movements
Sloman, Steven A.; Lagnado, David A. – Cognitive Science, 2005
A normative framework for modeling causal and counterfactual reasoning has been proposed by Spirtes, Glymour, and Scheines (1993; cf. Pearl, 2000). The framework takes as fundamental that reasoning from observation and intervention differ. Intervention includes actual manipulation as well as counterfactual manipulation of a model via thought. To…
Descriptors: Observation, Intervention, Causal Models, Prediction
Lovett, Marsha C. – Cognitive Science, 2005
Most accounts of the Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935) emphasize its negative aspect, namely, that in particular situations, processing of an irrelevant stimulus dimension interferes with participants' performance of the instructed task. In contrast, this paper emphasizes the fact that, even with that interference, participants actually can (and…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Models, Cognitive Processes, Prediction
Taatgen, Niels – Cognitive Science, 2005
Emerging parallel processing and increased flexibility during the acquisition of cognitive skills form a combination that is hard to reconcile with rule-based models that often produce brittle behavior. Rule-based models can exhibit these properties by adhering to 2 principles: that the model gradually learns task-specific rules from instructions…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Cognitive Processes, Models, Skill Development
Connell, Louise; Keane, Mark T. – Cognitive Science, 2006
Plausibility has been implicated as playing a critical role in many cognitive phenomena from comprehension to problem solving. Yet, across cognitive science, plausibility is usually treated as an operationalized variable or metric rather than being explained or studied in itself. This article describes a new cognitive model of plausibility, the…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Models, Comprehension, Problem Solving
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