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Thomas, Michael S. C.; Coecke, Selma – Cognitive Science, 2023
Differences in socioeconomic status (SES) correlate both with differences in cognitive development and in brain structure. Associations between SES and brain measures such as cortical surface area and cortical thickness mediate differences in cognitive skills such as executive function and language. However, causal accounts that link SES, brain,…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Processes, Brain, Cognitive Development
Lu, Hongjing; Rojas, Randall R.; Beckers, Tom; Yuille, Alan L. – Cognitive Science, 2016
Two key research issues in the field of causal learning are how people acquire causal knowledge when observing data that are presented sequentially, and the level of abstraction at which learning takes place. Does sequential causal learning solely involve the acquisition of specific cause-effect links, or do learners also acquire knowledge about…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Causal Models, Sequential Learning, Abstract Reasoning
Chater, Nick; Oaksford, Mike – Cognitive Science, 2013
Judea Pearl has argued that counterfactuals and causality are central to intelligence, whether natural or artificial, and has helped create a rich mathematical and computational framework for formally analyzing causality. Here, we draw out connections between these notions and various current issues in cognitive science, including the nature of…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Science
Weisberg, Deena S.; Gopnik, Alison – Cognitive Science, 2013
Young children spend a large portion of their time pretending about non-real situations. Why? We answer this question by using the framework of Bayesian causal models to argue that pretending and counterfactual reasoning engage the same component cognitive abilities: disengaging with current reality, making inferences about an alternative…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Bayesian Statistics, Young Children, Imagination
Hattori, Masasi; Oaksford, Mike – Cognitive Science, 2007
In this article, 41 models of covariation detection from 2 x 2 contingency tables were evaluated against past data in the literature and against data from new experiments. A new model was also included based on a limiting case of the normative phi-coefficient under an extreme rarity assumption, which has been shown to be an important factor in…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Responses, Computer Simulation, Heuristics