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Léo Picat; Salvador Mascarenhas – Cognitive Science, 2024
We investigate the articulation between domain-general reasoning and interpretive processes in failures of deductive reasoning. We focus on illusory inferences from disjunction-like elements, a broad class of deductive fallacies studied in some detail over the past 15 years. These fallacies have received accounts grounded in reasoning processes,…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Linguistics
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Laura Galeano; Gustaf Gredebäck – Cognitive Science, 2024
We investigated the relations between self-reported math anxiety, task difficulty, and pupil dilation in adults and very young children during math tasks of varying difficulty levels. While task difficulty significantly influenced pupillary responses in both groups, the association between self-reported math anxiety and pupil dilation differed…
Descriptors: Mathematics Anxiety, Difficulty Level, Task Analysis, Eye Movements
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Perfors, Andrew; Kidd, Evan – Cognitive Science, 2022
Humans have the ability to learn surprisingly complicated statistical information in a variety of modalities and situations, often based on relatively little input. These statistical learning (SL) skills appear to underlie many kinds of learning, but despite their ubiquity, we still do not fully understand precisely what SL is and what individual…
Descriptors: Statistics Education, Individual Differences, Perception, Stimuli
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Futrell, Richard; Gibson, Edward; Levy, Roger P. – Cognitive Science, 2020
A key component of research on human sentence processing is to characterize the processing difficulty associated with the comprehension of words in context. Models that explain and predict this difficulty can be broadly divided into two kinds, expectation-based and memory-based. In this work, we present a new model of incremental sentence…
Descriptors: Sentences, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Comprehension
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Morett, Laura M.; Roche, Jennifer M.; Fraundorf, Scott H.; McPartland, James C. – Cognitive Science, 2020
We investigated how two cues to contrast--beat gesture and contrastive pitch accenting--affect comprehenders' cognitive load during processing of spoken referring expressions. In two visual-world experiments, we orthogonally manipulated the presence of these cues and their felicity, or fit, with the local (sentence-level) referential context in…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Suprasegmentals, Cues, Cognitive Processes
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Schatz, Jule; Jones, Steven J.; Laird, John E. – Cognitive Science, 2022
The Remote Associates Test (RAT) is a word association retrieval task that consists of a series of problems, each with three seemingly unrelated prompt words. The subject is asked to produce a single word that is related to all three prompt words. In this paper, we provide support for a theory in which the RAT assesses a person's ability to…
Descriptors: Association Measures, Associative Learning, Recall (Psychology), Long Term Memory
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Berry, Ed D. J.; Allen, Richard J.; Mon-Williams, Mark; Waterman, Amanda H. – Cognitive Science, 2019
Research has shown that adults can engage in cognitive offloading, whereby internal processes are offloaded onto the environment to help task performance. Here, we investigate an application of this approach with children, in particular children with poor working memory. Participants were required to remember and recall sequences of colors by…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Children, Short Term Memory
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Sekicki, Mirjana; Staudte, Maria – Cognitive Science, 2018
Referential gaze has been shown to benefit language processing in situated communication in terms of shifting visual attention and leading to shorter reaction times on subsequent tasks. The present study simultaneously assessed both visual attention and, importantly, the immediate cognitive load induced at different stages of sentence processing.…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Language Processing
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Sutherland, Shelbie L.; Cimpian, Andrei; Leslie, Sarah-Jane; Gelman, Susan A. – Cognitive Science, 2015
Much evidence suggests that, from a young age, humans are able to generalize information learned about a subset of a category to the category itself. Here, we propose that--beyond simply being able to perform such generalizations--people are "biased" to generalize to categories, such that they routinely make spontaneous, implicit…
Descriptors: Memory, Bias, Generalization, Classification
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Honda, Hidehito; Matsuka, Toshihiko; Ueda, Kazuhiro – Cognitive Science, 2017
Some researchers on binary choice inference have argued that people make inferences based on simple heuristics, such as recognition, fluency, or familiarity. Others have argued that people make inferences based on available knowledge. To examine the boundary between heuristic and knowledge usage, we examine binary choice inference processes in…
Descriptors: Memory, Heuristics, Inferences, Decision Making
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Moreton, Elliott; Pater, Joe; Pertsova, Katya – Cognitive Science, 2017
Linguistic and non-linguistic pattern learning have been studied separately, but we argue for a comparative approach. Analogous inductive problems arise in phonological and visual pattern learning. Evidence from three experiments shows that human learners can solve them in analogous ways, and that human performance in both cases can be captured by…
Descriptors: Phonology, Concept Formation, Learning Processes, Difficulty Level
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Anderson, John R.; Fincham, Jon M. – Cognitive Science, 2014
Multi-voxel pattern recognition techniques combined with Hidden Markov models can be used to discover the mental states that people go through in performing a task. The combined method identifies both the mental states and how their durations vary with experimental conditions. We apply this method to a task where participants solve novel…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Pattern Recognition, Markov Processes, Cognitive Processes