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Brehm, Laurel; Cho, Pyeong Whan; Smolensky, Paul; Goldrick, Matthew A. – Cognitive Science, 2022
Subject-verb agreement errors are common in sentence production. Many studies have used experimental paradigms targeting the production of subject-verb agreement from a sentence preamble ("The key to the cabinets") and eliciting verb errors (… "*were shiny"). Through reanalysis of previous data (50 experiments; 102,369…
Descriptors: Sentences, Sentence Structure, Grammar, Verbs
Temperley, David – Cognitive Science, 2019
Main clause phenomena (MCPs) are syntactic constructions that occur predominantly or exclusively in main clauses. I propose a processing explanation for MCPs. Sentence processing is easiest at the beginning of the sentence (requiring less search); this follows naturally from widely held assumptions about sentence processing. Because of this, a…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Syntax, Sentence Structure, Phrase Structure
Fairchild, Sarah; Papafragou, Anna – Cognitive Science, 2021
In sentences such as "Some dogs are mammals," the literal semantic meaning ("Some 'and possibly all' dogs are mammals") conflicts with the pragmatic meaning ("'Not all' dogs are mammals," known as a "scalar implicature"). Prior work has shown that adults vary widely in the extent to which they adopt the…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Theory of Mind, Semantics, Pragmatics
Lowder, Matthew W.; Gordon, Peter C. – Cognitive Science, 2021
Although a large literature demonstrates that object-extracted relative clauses (ORCs) are harder to process than subject-extracted relative clauses (SRCs), there is less agreement regarding where during processing this difficulty emerges, as well as how best to explain these effects. An eye-tracking study by Staub, Dillon, and Clifton (2017)…
Descriptors: Verbs, Nouns, Phrase Structure, Language Processing
Tollan, Rebecca; Massam, Diane; Heller, Daphna – Cognitive Science, 2019
We investigate the processing of "wh" questions in Niuean, a VSO ergative-absolutive Polynesian language. We use visual-world eye tracking to examine how preference for subject or object dependencies is affected (a) by case marking of the subject (ergative vs. absolutive) and object (absolutive vs. oblique), and (b) by the transitivity…
Descriptors: Malayo Polynesian Languages, Sentences, Language Processing, Eye Movements
Quelhas, Ana Cristina; Rasga, Célia; Johnson-Laird, P. N. – Cognitive Science, 2018
What is the relation between factual conditionals: "If A happened then B happened," and counterfactual conditionals: "If A had happened then B would have happened?" Some theorists propose quite different semantics for the two. In contrast, the theory of mental models and its computer implementation interrelates them. It…
Descriptors: Semantics, Form Classes (Languages), Discourse Analysis, Correlation
Smith, Garrett; Franck, Julie; Tabor, Whitney – Cognitive Science, 2018
We present a self-organizing approach to sentence processing that sheds new light on notional plurality effects in agreement attraction, using pseudopartitive subject noun phrases (e.g., "a bottle of pills"). We first show that notional plurality ratings (numerosity judgments for subject noun phrases) predict verb agreement choices in…
Descriptors: Sentence Structure, Sentences, Grammar, Form Classes (Languages)
Logacev, Pavel; Vasishth, Shravan – Cognitive Science, 2016
Traxler, Pickering, and Clifton (1998) found that ambiguous sentences are read faster than their unambiguous counterparts. This so-called "ambiguity advantage" has presented a major challenge to classical theories of human sentence comprehension (parsing) because its most prominent explanation, in the form of the unrestricted race model…
Descriptors: Comprehension, Sentences, Task Analysis, Language Processing
Farmer, Thomas A.; Cargill, Sarah A.; Hindy, Nicholas C.; Dale, Rick; Spivey, Michael J. – Cognitive Science, 2007
Although several theories of online syntactic processing assume the parallel activation of multiple syntactic representations, evidence supporting simultaneous activation has been inconclusive. Here, the continuous and non-ballistic properties of computer mouse movements are exploited, by recording their streaming x, y coordinates to procure…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Sentence Structure, Computers, Language Processing
Demestre, Josep; Garcia-Albea, Jose E. – Cognitive Science, 2007
Event-related brain potentials were recorded while subjects listened to sentences containing a controlled infinitival complement. Subject and object control items were used, both with 2 potential antecedents in the upper clause. Half of the sentences had a gender agreement violation between the null subject of the infinitival complement and an…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Neurolinguistics, Language Processing, Error Analysis (Language)
Grodner, Daniel; Gibson, Edward – Cognitive Science, 2005
All other things being equal the parser favors attaching an ambiguous modifier to the most recent possible site. A plausible explanation is that locality preferences such as this arise in the service of minimizing memory costs--more distant sentential material is more difficult to reactivate than more recent material. Note that processing any…
Descriptors: Linguistic Input, Sentence Structure, Language Processing, English
Budiu, Raluca; Anderson, John R. – Cognitive Science, 2004
We present interpretation-based processing--a theory of sentence processing that builds a syntactic and a semantic representation for a sentence and assigns an interpretation to the sentence as soon as possible. That interpretation can further participate in comprehension and in lexical processing and is vital for relating the sentence to the…
Descriptors: Semantics, Language Processing, Linguistic Theory, Word Processing
Reali, Florencia; Christiansen, Morten H. – Cognitive Science, 2005
The poverty of stimulus argument is one of the most controversial arguments in the study of language acquisition. Here we follow previous approaches challenging the assumption of impoverished primary linguistic data, focusing on the specific problem of auxiliary (AUX) fronting in complex polar interrogatives. We develop a series of corpus analyses…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Grammar, Sentence Structure, Stimulus Generalization
Dennis, Simon – Cognitive Science, 2005
The syntagmatic paradigmatic model is a distributed, memory-based account of verbal processing. Built on a Bayesian interpretation of string edit theory, it characterizes the control of verbal cognition as the retrieval of sets of syntagmatic and paradigmatic constraints from sequential and relational long-term memory and the resolution of these…
Descriptors: Memory, Language Processing, Semantics, Sentence Structure