Linear ciphers, substitution ciphers, public-key cryptosystems, and trapdoor knapsacks are each discussed. (MNS)

A possible method of derivation of prescriptions for solving problems, found in Babylonian cuneiform texts, is presented. It is a kind of "geometric algebra" based mainly on one figure and the manipulation of or within various areas and segments. (MNS)

An efficient division algorithm is developed, using a computer program, to convert any positive fraction to its decimal representation. The computer program listing is included. (MNS)

This article develops an algorithm to find all solutions to the problem, making all sums of a hexagram's nine lines the same. It shows how to exploit the geometric structure of the hexagram and its group of automorphisms. (YP)

The article discusses the use of computers to teacher college level mathematics. In particular, the Gaussian elimination procedure for solving a system of n linear equations in n unknowns, using a computer, is examined. (PK)

Presents the algorithm to approximate square roots as reproduced from the 1579 edition of an algebra book by Rafael Bombelli. The sequence of activities illustrates that the process of understanding an original source of mathematics, first at the algorithmic level and then with respect to its mathematical validity in modern terms, can be an…