Article attempted to summarize criticisms, supplemented them on the basis of empirical research, and lay the foundation for this general thesis: Formal education in Africa and Asia tends to impede economic growth and promote political instability. (Author/RK)

The author of "Dilemmas of Educational Development" (AA 521 911) answered his critics, Carnoy, Devon, Petty, and La Belle, who commented earlier in this journal. (RK)

Criticizes Zachariah's use of microlevel metaphors ("lumps of clay" and "growing plants") to explain major trends in theories of education and national development in developing countries. Discusses emergence of a neo-Marxist perspective on this area of comparative education. Suggests the need for a theoretical perspective…

Argues that the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller Foundations' overseas programs and development strategies after 1945 were frequently coordinated by intermediate organizations established or funded by one of the foundations and that these programs and strategies were neither exclusively humanitarian in purpose nor apolitical. (NEC)

In considering a maximization of the economic contribution of education to the well-being of Papua New Guinea the author argued that no type of educational planning will succeed unless it is based upon the aspiration and expectations of the majority of the population it is intended to serve. (Author/RK)

Reviews three books concerned with the relationship of education to social and economic development. Compares the books with regard to their definitions of development and their conclusions about the benefits of educational investment in developing countries, the success of international agencies in poor countries, and directions for future…

This article has four sections. First, the author presents a theoretical discussion of the different explanations regarding the explosion of education after World War II. She explains how the actor-network theory--a theory of knowledge and of agency--enables people to understand the formation of the education-economic growth black box. The…

Author tried to develop an alternative to the strategy offered by Philip Foster (AA 521 911) for economic and social development through educational change. (Author/RK)

Suggests that the economic crisis in sub-Saharan Africa cannot be alleviated by any feasible educational changes. Argues for modest but persistent educational development, recognizing the futility of promoting educational reform and typical international assistance projects when existing educational systems are dangerously constrained by basic…

Examines the relationship between the state and education in Portugal during periods of modernization, dictatorship, revolution, and democratization from 1926-81. Discusses the role of education, problems faced by education and other ideological systems, and the relationship between education and national development in each historical period. (SV)

Argues the necessity of analyzing the relations between educational theories and educational practice. Points out the unstated theories and assumptions about modernization, economic development, educational policymaking, and human motivations that underlie Psacharopoulos's comparative education "solutions" to developing nations' education…

The author suggests an agenda for comparative education research based on the metropolitan-hinterland paradigm, which emphasizes the economic and cultural exploitation of the Third World by rich nations. This is a revised text of the presidential address delivered at the 23rd Conference of the Comparative and International Education Society. (SJL)

Characterizes changes in literacy's "standard picture" since World War II. Literacy no longer perceived as obtainable skill correlated with economic development, but as valuable for its own sake. Suggests implications of educational change for developed and underdeveloped countries. Emphasizes continuing importance of literacy campaigns.…

Analysis of educational expansion in Brazil between 1940 and 1980 indicates that, in most circumstances, enrollment rates were positively related to urbanization, diversification of the occupational structure, and aggregate economic growth. States experiencing heavy in-migration showed a negative effect of migration on enrollment rates during…

Reassesses Dore's "diploma disease" thesis, that schooling in developing countries is focused on attainment of certificates rather than on "quality" education. Suggests that this thesis is based on ethnocentric assumptions and ignores economic development aims imposed by international donors, certification as a means of…