This article builds on a previous article published in 2007, which aimed at clarifying the concept of tutoring. Based on a new epistemological stance (emergentism) the authors will here show how the various components of the computer-assisted language learning situation form a complex chaotic system. They advocate that modelling is a way of ordering the chaos. They show how their didactic ergonomics model can be revisited in an emergentist perspective and how deconstructing this model can help clarify the respective roles of teacher and tutor. (Contains 10 figures and 1 table.)