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Lewis, Michael; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1989
The ability of three-year-old children to deceive was examined in order to determine whether they were able to hide their emotional expression intentionally. Results indicated that very young children have begun the process of learning how to mask their emotional expressions and support the role of socialization in this process. (RH)
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Deception, Interpersonal Competence, Sex Differences