Conscientiousness has been shown to predict healthy behaviors, healthy social relationships, and physical health and longevity. The causal links, however, are complex and not well elaborated. Many extant studies have used comparable measures for conscientiousness, and a systematic endeavor to build cross-study analyses for conscientiousness and…

There are a number of significant challenges researchers encounter when studying development over an extended period of time, including subject attrition, the changing of measurement structures across groups and developmental periods, and the need to invest substantial time and money. Integrative data analysis is an emerging set of methodologies…

Damon's positive justice task, Selman's social-moral dilemmas, and a variation of Piaget's intent/consequence stories were administered to 72 elementary school students. Results showed that the level of moral reasoning increased with grade level, but inconsistencies in task performance were found at both the intratask and the intertask levels.…

This commentary proposes that cross-cultural studies of parenting, like studies within a culture, should become more focused--with antecedent or concurrent measures selected to provide a clear view toward "child outcome." Furthermore, differences within countries may be as great as differences between countries. Therefore, the relevant cultural…

A modification of the observer-based psychoacoustic procedure was used to estimate the detectability of auditory signals by infants. Data from infants up to 3.5 months of age revealed improvement in performance as a function of increasing signal intensity and age. (BC)

Provides a comprehensive meta-analysis of gender differences in aggression; offers estimates of the magnitude of differences; provides a developmental analysis of effects for all ages for which data are available; and includes a total of 143 studies. Basic techniques of meta-analysis are presented and then applied to analyze studies of gender…