Results of an experiment with 6-month-old infants showed that response-independent auditory-visual reinforcement can elicit learned responses and that action-consequence learning in infants may consist of a combination of elicitation and conditioning. (Author/JMB)

This study assessed the adequacy of Gewirtz's interpretation of vicarious reinforcement and examined the development of responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement in an experiment in which 98 children (21/2-5 years) performed a discrimination problem while being exposed to a model who was either rewarded or punished on each trial. (SB)

Findings indicate that infant boys may be more easily conditioned by visual reinforcement than are girls. (Author/MB)

Study was aimed at determining whether positive adjectives and negative adjectives possess the oppositeness" (mutual exclusiveness) necessary for their conceptualization as defining the extremes of a single dimension of meaning. (Authors)

The relative weakness of sex-role labels as reinforcers, and the disappearance of differential effectiveness of male and female labels at the fourth-grade level would appear to be congruent with Kohlberg's (1966) cognitively based theory of sex-role acquisition. (Authors)

Increase in probe accuracy following concurrent training was consistently greater than following serial training. (Authors)