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The Genetic Architecture of Oral Language, Reading Fluency, and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study from 7 to 16 Years
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Tosto, Maria G.; Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E.; Harlaar, Nicole; Prom-Wormley, Elizabeth; Dale, Philip S.; Plomin, Robert – Developmental Psychology, 2017
This study examines the genetic and environmental etiology underlying the development of oral language and reading skills, and the relationship between them, over a long period of developmental time spanning middle childhood and adolescence. It focuses particularly on the differential relationship between language and two different aspects of…
Descriptors: Twins, Genetics, Reading Fluency, Structural Equation Models
Mechanisms of Age-Related Decline in Memory Search across the Adult Life Span
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Hills, Thomas T.; Mata, Rui; Wilke, Andreas; Samanez-Larkin, Gregory R. – Developmental Psychology, 2013
Three alternative mechanisms for age-related decline in memory search have been proposed, which result from either reduced processing speed (global slowing hypothesis), overpersistence on categories (cluster-switching hypothesis), or the inability to maintain focus on local cues related to a decline in working memory (cue-maintenance hypothesis).…
Descriptors: Memory, Age Differences, Adults, Cognitive Processes
Developmental Reversals in False Memory: Now You See Them, Now You Don't!
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Holliday, Robyn E.; Brainerd, Charles J.; Reyna, Valerie F. – Developmental Psychology, 2011
A developmental reversal in false memory is the counterintuitive phenomenon of higher levels of false memory in older children, adolescents, and adults than in younger children. The ability of verbatim memory to suppress this age trend in false memory was evaluated using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Seven and 11-year-old children…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Memory, Recall (Psychology), Recognition (Psychology)
Semantic Meaning and Pragmatic Interpretation in 5-Year-Olds: Evidence from Real-Time Spoken Language Comprehension
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Huang, Yi Ting; Snedeker, Jesse – Developmental Psychology, 2009
Recent research on children's inferencing has found that although adults typically adopt the pragmatic interpretation of "some" (implying "not all"), 5- to 9-year-olds often prefer the semantic interpretation of the quantifier (meaning possibly "all"). Do these failures reflect a breakdown of pragmatic competence or the metalinguistic demands of…
Descriptors: Young Children, Inferences, Eye Movements, Models
Statistical Regularities in Vocabulary Guide Language Acquisition in Connectionist Models and 15- [to] 20-Month-Olds.
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Samuelson, Larissa K. – Developmental Psychology, 2002
This research tested the hypothesis that young children's bias to generalize names for solid objects by shape is the product of statistical regularities among nouns in the early productive vocabulary. Fifteen- to 20-month-olds given intensive naming experiences with typical noun categories developed a precocious shape bias and showed accelerated…
Descriptors: Bias, Dimensional Preference, Language Acquisition, Models
Pathways to Reading: The Role of Oral Language in the Transition to Reading
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Developmental Psychology, 2005
What is the role of oral language in reading competence during the transition to school? Is oral language in preschool best conceptualized as vocabulary knowledge or as more comprehensive language including grammar, vocabulary, and semantics? These questions were examined longitudinally using 1,137 children from the National Institute of Child…
Descriptors: Early Reading, Primary Education, Semantics, Grammar