This study examined preschoolers' performance on an observation task and a search task involving the invisible displacement of an object. Findings indicated that in the observation task, there was significantly longer looking to impossible than to possible outcomes among all children. Most 3-year-olds, but significantly fewer 2.5-year-olds,…

Compared how 8-, 10-, and 12-year-olds responded to provocation by a same- or an other-gender peer in a laboratory play session. Found that responses to other-gender peer were more negative than to same-gender peer during baseline and provocation periods. With other-gender partners, participants reported liking them less, trying less to get along,…

Related Swedish mothers' ratings of their children's shyness with the children's later timing of marriage and parenthood and career success. Shy boys married and became fathers later than non-shy boys, but their careers were not affected by shyness. Shy girls married and became mothers at the same time as non-shy girls. Compared results with…

Examined gender differences in cognitive outcome in children born prematurely who had incurred early cerebral lesions and in a high-risk comparison group. A significant gender difference in cognitive recovery was observed in the lesion group. Girls outperformed boys on standardized intelligence tests. No gender differences were observed in the…

This study examined the relationship between smile type (basic, Duchenne, duplay) and play type (object, physical, vocal, book reading) during parent-infant videotaped interactions at home. Loglinear analyses revealed that different types of smiles occurred during different types of play more often than expected if distributed equally. Different…

Trend exhibited by the subjects of the present study was for men to show an earlier and more rapid decline than women, possibly as a reflection of their shorter life span. (Authors)

The relationship between susceptibility to group pressure and the racial composition of small groups was explored in this study of 280 fourth, fifth and sixth graders. On tests of perceptual judgment, Negro children showed more conformity than whites, and girls more than boys. (Author/NH)

Examined free recall narratives of younger and older children and their parents independently interviewed about injuries requiring hospital emergency treatment. Found that mothers' narratives were more cohesive and coherent than fathers', and girls' narratives differed from boys' in parallel ways. Parent and child measures were correlated;…

Examines the social behavior of 34 preschool children, observed both at home and in preschool, to determine patterning interactions among siblings and consistency in children's interactions with siblings and peers. Concludes that children's behavior at home is most affected by relative age of their siblings. (HOD)

Study deals with a comparative developmental analysis of performances on the same task by four age groups. (MB)

This study examined gender differences in early adolescents' adaptation to stepfamilies in which the mother had custody. Parent-child interaction was compared in mother-custody stepfamilies and intact families. Results indicated that girls had more difficulty interacting with stepfathers than sons did. (SH)

Reports an analyses of ratings on Bayley's Infant Behavior Record and test scores from the Bayley Mental Scale for 60 female and 50 male infants at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Results are discussed in terms of rank-order correlations, behavioral composite scores and study implications. (Author/SDH)

Preadolescents, college students, middle-aged adults, and older adults described a problem and a goal for solving that problem. Interpersonal elements of problem descriptions and goals were coded. Interpersonal elements of problems were most salient for females and middle-aged adults. Subjects reported interpersonal goals when other people were…

Compared judgments of maltreated and nonmaltreated preschoolers regarding moral transgressions. Found that all children evaluated moral transgressions as very serious, punishable, and wrong in the absence of rules. Moral judgments and justifications differed as a function of context and type of transgression but not maltreatment status. Affective…