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Self-Control Training: The Effects of External Control on Children's Resistance to Temptation
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Kanfer, Frederick H.; Zich, Jane – Developmental Psychology, 1974
The effects of extent and kind of external control during training on later resistance to temptation were examined in preschool children. Boys transgressed significantly more quickly than girls. (ST)
Descriptors: Locus of Control, Reinforcement, Self Control, Sex Differences
Predicting Preschoolers' Externalizing Behaviors from Toddler Temperament, Conflict, and Maternal Negativity.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Rubin, Kenneth H.; Burgess, Kim B.; Dwyer, Kathleen M.; Hastings, Paul D. – Developmental Psychology, 2003
This study examined toddler precursors of preschoolers' externalizing behaviors. Findings indicated that boys initiated more conflictual-aggressive interactions as toddlers and had more externalizing difficulties 2 years later, yet girls' (not boys') conflict-aggressive initiations at age 2 related to subsequent externalizing problems. The…
Descriptors: Aggression, Behavior Problems, Conflict, Longitudinal Studies
Callous-Unemotional Traits and Developmental Pathways to Severe Conduct Problems.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Frick, Paul J.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 2003
Investigated potential differences between nonreferred children with and without callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Found that children with conduct problems, irrespective of CU trait presence, tended to have significant problems in emotional and behavioral regulation. CU traits, irrespective of conduct problem presence, related to a lack of…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Behavior Problems, Bias, Children
Effortful Control in Early Childhood: Continuity and Change, Antecedents, and Implications for Social Development.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Kochanska, Grazyna; Murray, Kathleen T.; Harlan, Elena T. – Developmental Psychology, 2000
Examined young children's social development of effortful control in a longitudinal study. Found that between 22 and 33 months, effortful control improved considerably, its coherence increased, it was stable, and it was higher for girls. Found that children's focused attention at 9 months, mothers' responsiveness at 22 months, and mothers'…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attention, Child Development, Emotional Development
The Role of Contextual and Personal Factors in Children's Risk Taking.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Miller, David C.; Byrnes, James P. – Developmental Psychology, 1997
Two experiments tested a self-regulation model of risk-taking among third through eighth graders in which inappropriate risk taking is associated with overconfidence, succumbing to dysregulating influences, and insensitivity to outcomes. Found that ability beliefs, preference for thrill seeking, peer nomination, competitiveness, and interest…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Childhood Attitudes, Childhood Interests, Context Effect