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Bray, Norman W.; Reilly, Kevin D.; Villa, Mark F.; Grupe, Lisa A. – Developmental Review, 1997
Reviews research on external memory strategies, provides a rationale for using neural network models, and discusses their application to intellectual and developmental differences in the external memory strategies of typical and atypical children, including those with mental retardation. Examines mechanisms of intellectual differences and…
Descriptors: Child Development, Individual Development, Individual Differences, Learning Processes

Eckstein, Shulamith Graus – Developmental Review, 2000
Extends dynamic model of cognitive growth proposed by van Geert in three directions: (1) added a term to consider exposure to material to be learned; (2) developed method to apply model to cross-sectional studies; and (3) developed procedure to scale cognitive abilities tests with items of varying difficulty. Tests model with 2- to 15-year-olds'…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Children, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Development