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Tongyan Ren; Xuechen Ding; Chen Cheng – Developmental Science, 2025
Working memory (WM) is a critical cognitive system that supports processing a variety of information. Remembering different types of objects may impose different levels of cognitive demands on WM performance. In the present study, we examined 205 children's WM in representing different types of content and its developmental trajectories in early…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Schemata (Cognition), Preschool Children, Concept Formation
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Frédéric Thériault-Couture; Célia Matte-Gagné; Annie Bernier – Developmental Science, 2025
Executive functions (EFs) emerge in the first years of life and are essential for many areas of child development. However, intraindividual developmental trajectories of EF during toddlerhood and their associations with ongoing development of language skills remain poorly understood. The present three-wave study examined these trajectories and…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Toddlers, Child Development, Language Acquisition
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Vergauwe, Evie; Besch, Vincent; Latrèche, Caren; Langerock, Naomi – Developmental Science, 2021
The capacity of working memory is limited and undergoes important developmental changes during childhood. One proposed reason for the expansion of working memory capacity during childhood is the emergence and increased efficiency of active maintenance mechanisms, such as that of refreshing. Refreshing is a proposed mechanism to keep information…
Descriptors: Attention, Short Term Memory, Children, Child Development
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Dumont, Émilie; Castellanos-Ryan, Natalie; Parent, Sophie; Jacques, Sophie; Séguin, Jean R.; Zelazo, Philip David – Developmental Science, 2022
Whereas accuracy is used as an indicator of cognitive flexibility in preschool-age children, reaction time (RT), or a combination of accuracy and RT, provide better indices of performance as children transition to school. Theoretical models and cross-sectional studies suggest that a speed-accuracy tradeoff may be operating across this transition,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Preschool Children, Cognitive Ability, Reaction Time
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Dutra, Natália B.; Chen, Lydia; Anum, Adote; Burger, Oskar; Davis, Helen E.; Dzokoto, Vivian A.; Fong, Frankie T. K.; Ghelardi, Sabrina; Mendez, Kimberly; Messer, Emily J. E.; Newhouse, Morgan; Nielsen, Mark G.; Ramos, Karlos; Rawlings, Bruce; dos Santos, Renan A. C.; Silveira, Lara G. S.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Legare, Cristine H. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
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McCoy, Dana Charles; Koepp, Andrew E.; Jones, Stephanie M.; Bodrova, Elena; Leong, Deborah J.; Deaver, Abigail Hemenway – Developmental Science, 2022
Prior work has conceptualized children's executive function and self-regulation skills as relatively stable across short periods of time. Grounded in long-standing contextual theories of human development, this study introduces a new observational tool for measuring children's regulatory skills across different naturally occurring situations…
Descriptors: Young Children, Executive Function, Self Management, Early Childhood Education
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Troller-Renfree, Sonya V.; Buzzell, George A.; Fox, Nathan A. – Developmental Science, 2020
Cognitive control develops rapidly over the first decade of life, with one of the dominant changes being a transition from reliance on 'as-needed' control (reactive control) to a more planful, sustained form of control (proactive control). Although the emergence of proactive control is important for mature behavior, we know little about how this…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Change, Cognitive Development, Child Development
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Schröder, Elin; Gredebäck, Gustaf; Forssman, Linda; Lindskog, Marcus – Developmental Science, 2022
How do children construct a concept of natural numbers? Past research addressing this question has mainly focused on understanding how children come to acquire the cardinality principle. However, at that point children already understand the first number words and have a rudimentary natural number concept in place. The question therefore remains;…
Descriptors: Child Development, Numbers, Number Concepts, Concept Formation
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Plebanek, Daniel J.; Sloutsky, Vladimir M. – Developmental Science, 2019
Selective attention is fundamental for learning across many situations, yet it exhibits protracted development, with young children often failing to filter out distractors. In this research, we examine links between selective attention and working memory (WM) capacity across development. One possibility is that WM is resource-limited, with…
Descriptors: Attention, Young Children, Short Term Memory, Child Development
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Muñez, David; Bull, Rebecca; Lee, Kerry – Developmental Science, 2022
In this study (n = 1000, M[subscript age at K1entry] = 53.4 months, SD = 3.4; 53% females), we investigated the contributions of the family socioeconomic status (SES; maternal education and an income-related measure) and number and age of siblings to the development of children's math, reading, and working memory (WM) updating skills over the…
Descriptors: Mothers, Parent Education, Siblings, Cognitive Development
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Vrantsidis, Daphne M.; Clark, Caron A. C.; Chevalier, Nicolas; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Wiebe, Sandra A. – Developmental Science, 2020
Although there is substantial evidence that socioeconomic status (SES) predicts children's executive function (EF), the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. This study tested the utility of two theories proposed to link SES to children's EF: the family stress model and the family investment model. Data came from the…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Executive Function, Young Children, Correlation
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Bathelt, Joe; Gathercole, Susan E.; Johnson, Amy; Astle, Duncan E. – Developmental Science, 2018
Working memory (WM) skills are closely associated with learning progress in key areas such as reading and mathematics across childhood. As yet, however, little is known about how the brain systems underpinning WM develop over this critical developmental period. The current study investigated whether and how structural brain correlates of…
Descriptors: Brain, Morphology (Languages), Short Term Memory, Children
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Wijeakumar, Sobanawartiny; Kumar, Aarti; Delgado Reyes, Lourdes M.; Tiwari, Madhuri; Spencer, John P. – Developmental Science, 2019
There is a growing need to understand the global impact of poverty on early brain and behavioural development, particularly with regard to key cognitive processes that emerge in early development. Although the impact of adversity on brain development can trap children in an intergenerational cycle of poverty, the massive potential for brain…
Descriptors: Rural Areas, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Poverty, Correlation
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Morey, Candice C.; Mareva, Silvana; Lelonkiewicz, Jaroslaw R.; Chevalier, Nicolas – Developmental Science, 2018
The emergence of strategic verbal rehearsal at around 7 years of age is widely considered a major milestone in descriptions of the development of short-term memory across childhood. Likewise, rehearsal is believed by many to be a crucial factor in explaining why memory improves with age. This apparent qualitative shift in mnemonic processes has…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Mnemonics, Child Development, Qualitative Research
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Cowan, Nelson; Ricker, Timothy J.; Clark, Katherine M.; Hinrichs, Garrett A.; Glass, Bret A. – Developmental Science, 2015
According to some views of cognitive growth, the development of working memory capacity can account for increases in the complexity of cognition. It has been difficult to ascertain, though, that there actually is developmental growth in capacity that cannot be attributed to other developing factors. Here we assess the role of item familiarity. We…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Development, Alphabets, Orthographic Symbols
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